《德意志意识形态》中“现实的个人”内涵与价值研究

Research on the Connotation and Value of “Real Individuals” in The German Ideology

摘要: 《德意志意识形态》是马克思和恩格斯共同创作的重要哲学著作，其中对“现实的个人”的界定是理解唯物史观的关键。该书中，“现实的个人”的概念不仅清算了以往哲学思想中的混乱，而且从更深层次改变了人们对人类认识的研究视角。这一定义为唯物史观的形成和发展奠定了重要的理论基石，展现了其深远的理论价值和丰富的人文关怀。“现实的个人”的内涵在于强调个体的自然性与社会性的统一。人不仅是生物学上具有生命的个体，也是在社会历史进程中不断发展的主体。这些个人的“活动和他们的物质生活条件”是理解历史发展的出发点。个人的生产活动不仅创造了物质生活，同时也生产了社会关系和历史。因此，“现实的个人”与他们的生产方式密切相关，这种生产方式既包括他们生产了什么，也包括他们如何生产。从“现实的个人”的概念出发，我们可以更加深入地把握人类社会发展的规律。通过对这一理念的哲学性思考，我们不仅能更好地理解人的本质，还能不断促进每个人的自由而全面地发展，同时推动社会的进步。

Abstract: The German Ideology is an important philosophical work co-created by Marx and Engels, in which the definition of “real individuals” is the key to understanding historical materialism. In this book, the concept of “real individuals” not only clarifies the confusion in previous philosophical thoughts, but also changes the research perspective of human cognition at a deeper level. This definition has laid an important theoretical foundation for the formation and development of historical materialism, showing its profound theoretical value and rich humanistic care. The connotation of “real individuals” lies in emphasizing the unity of the individual’s naturalness and sociality. Man is not only a biological individual with life, but also a subject constantly developing in the process of social history. The “activities of these individuals and their material living conditions” are the starting point for understanding the development of history. The individual’s production activities not only create material life, but also produce social relations and history. Therefore, “real individuals” are closely related to their mode of production, which includes not only what they produce, but also how they produce. Starting from the concept of “real individuals”, we can grasp the laws of the development of human society more deeply. Through philosophical thinking on this concept, we can not only better understand the essence of man, but also continuously promote the free and all-round development of each person, and at the same time promote social progress.