马克思主义发展史视域下“两种生产”理论研究

A Study on the Theory of “Two Kinds of Production” in the Context of History of Marxist Development

摘要: 作为马克思主义人口理论的核心基础，“两种生产”理论包含物质资料生产与人类自身生产两大维度。物质资料生产通过劳动改造自然资源、创造物质财富，是社会经济发展的根本动力。人类自身生产涵盖人口繁衍、健康培育与素质提升等内容，持续为社会生产输送劳动力，塑造整体社会结构。物质生产为人口存续发展提供物质支撑，决定人口发展上限；人口生产则为物质生产供给劳动力，左右生产效能。二者发展失衡将诱发劳动力缺口、资源紧缺等各类社会经济问题。当下，研究两种生产的协调发展具备重要现实价值，能够助力产业优化、完善公共服务、科学制定人口政策，推动人口与社会经济、资源环境协同可持续发展，为化解当代社会治理难题提供理论与实践支撑。

Abstract: As the core foundation of Marxist population theory, the theory of “Two Kinds of Production” consists of two dimensions: the production of material means of subsistence and the production of human beings themselves. The production of material means of subsistence transforms natural resources and creates material wealth through labor, serving as the fundamental driving force of social and economic development. The production of human beings themselves covers population reproduction, health cultivation and quality improvement, continuously supplying labor force for social production and shaping the overall social structure. Material production provides material support for the survival and development of population and determines the ceiling of population development; population production supplies labor force for material production and affects production efficiency. The imbalance between the two will trigger various socio-economic problems such as labor shortages and resource scarcity. At present, research on the coordinated development of the two kinds of production bears important practical value. It can facilitate industrial optimization, improve public services, formulate population policies in a scientific manner, promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, socio-economy, resources and environment, and provide theoretical and practical support for solving the challenges of contemporary social governance.