父母养育倦怠的影响因素及应对方式：基于风险–资源平衡理论的综述

Factors Influencing Parental Burnout and Its Coping Strategies: A Systematic Review Based on the Balance between Risks and Resources Theory

摘要: 父母养育倦怠是长期高强度育儿压力下形成的特定领域心理综合征，核心表现为情绪耗竭、情感疏离与育儿成就感丧失，已成为威胁家庭功能与儿童发展的重要公共卫生问题。本文基于风险–资源平衡理论，采用叙述性综述的方法，从家庭视角出发，系统梳理国内外实证研究成果。文章从社会人口统计学、子女因素、父母稳定特质等方面分析了养育倦怠的关键影响因素，包括教养方式不恰当与认知失衡等，并探讨了倦怠对孩子人格、学业等方面发展的影响。在应对策略上，研究整合了个人调节、家庭协作、社会支持及数字化干预等多层次措施，着重阐述了通过重塑教养观念、营造良好家庭氛围、以身作则关注自身心理健康、与家校密切沟通等途径来预防与应对养育倦怠。未来需加强中国本土化随机对照试验研究，完善数字化干预工具的文化适配性，为制定针对性支持方案提供科学依据。

Abstract: Parental burnout is a context-specific psychological syndrome resulting from prolonged high-intensity parenting stress, characterized by emotional exhaustion, emotional distancing, and a loss of parental accomplishment. It has become a significant public health issue threatening family functioning and child development. Based on the Balance between Risks and Resources (BR²) Theory, this paper adopts a narrative review method from a family perspective to systematically synthesize domestic and international empirical research. It analyzes key factors influencing parental burnout from aspects of sociodemographic variables, child factors, and parents’ stable traits, including inappropriate parenting styles and cognitive imbalances, and explores the impact of burnout on children’s personality and academic development. In terms of coping strategies, the study integrates multi-level measures including individual regulation, family collaboration, social support, and digital intervention, and emphatically expounds on preventing and addressing parental burnout by reshaping parenting concepts, creating a positive family atmosphere, attending to one’s own mental health by example, and communicating closely with schools and families. Future research should strengthen localized randomized controlled trials in China and improve the cultural adaptability of digital intervention tools to provide a scientific basis for targeted support programs.