地理标志公益诉讼的价值基础与路径建构

The Value Foundation and Pathway Construction of Public Interest Litigation for Geographical Indications

摘要: 地理标志作为承载区域特色与文化价值的重要知识产权，其保护状况直接关系到市场秩序维护、消费者权益保障及区域经济可持续发展。当前我国地理标志保护实践中，存在维权主体模糊、保护模式碎片化等现实困境，传统私益诉讼难以全面回应地理标志所蕴含的公共利益属性。本文以公益诉讼为研究视角，首先剖析地理标志保护的现实需求与现有模式的局限性，进而论证将地理标志纳入公益诉讼范畴的正当性与可行性，最终从立法完善、主体资格界定、诉前程序优化等维度，探索构建地理标志检察公益诉讼的规范化路径，旨在为强化地理标志保护提供理论支撑与制度参考，助力地理标志在乡村振兴与知识产权强国建设中发挥更大作用。

Abstract: As vital intellectual property embodying regional characteristics and cultural values, the protection of geographical indications directly impacts market order maintenance, consumer rights protection, and sustainable regional economic development. Current practices in China’s geographical indication protection face practical challenges such as ambiguous rights-enforcement entities and fragmented protection frameworks, making traditional private interest litigation insufficient to fully address the public interest attributes inherent in these indications. This study adopts a public interest litigation perspective: first analyzing the practical needs and limitations of existing protection models; then demonstrating the legitimacy and feasibility of incorporating geographical indications into public interest litigation; and finally exploring standardized pathways for prosecutorial public interest litigation through legislative improvements, qualification criteria clarification, and pre-litigation procedure optimization. The findings aim to provide theoretical foundations and institutional references for strengthening geographical indication protection, thereby enhancing their role in rural revitalization and building a robust intellectual property system.