基于索结构的光伏跟踪系统的设计与应用

Design and Application of a Photovoltaic Tracking System Based on Cable Structure

摘要: 针对传统光伏支架系统存在的结构局限性与发电效率不足的问题，本文提出了一种融合柔性结构与主动跟踪功能的创新光伏支架系统，实现了光伏板角度的高效调节。研究基于柔性钢索结构，创新性地设计了横梁–中心旋转轴复合结构、配合推力轴承与深沟球轴承组合设计，有效克服钢索预紧力(最高达120 kN)产生的轴向载荷，使转动机构所需驱动扭矩大幅降低；以及集成翻转机构与蜗轮蜗杆驱动系统，解决了柔性索结构与角度调节的兼容性问题，实现了光伏板±50˚无级调节。采用预应力钢拉杆结构确保系统在120 kN索力与45˚倾角工况下的可靠性(最大应力235 MPa，低于Q355屈服强度)。PVsyst仿真结果表明，跟踪式柔性系统在天津地区的年辐射接收量较10˚和35˚固定式系统分别提升9.88%和4.48%，年发电量提升10.79%和4.5%。本研究为柔性光伏支架的跟踪功能实现提供了关键技术支撑，其结构优化方法可推广至其他大跨度可调结构领域。

Abstract: In response to the structural limitations and insufficient power generation efficiency of traditional photovoltaic (PV) support systems, this paper proposes an innovative PV support system that integrates flexible structures with active tracking functions, achieving efficient adjustment of the PV panel’s angle. The research is based on a flexible steel cable structure, innovatively designing a composite structure of crossbeams and central rotating shafts, combined with thrust bearings and deep groove ball bearings, effectively overcoming the axial load caused by the cable pretension force (up to 120 kN), significantly reducing the required driving torque of the rotating mechanism; and integrating a flipping mechanism with a worm gear and worm drive system, solving the compatibility issue between the flexible cable structure and angle adjustment, enabling ±50˚ stepless adjustment of the PV panel. The use of prestressed steel tie rods ensures the system’s reliability under a 120 kN cable force and a 45˚ inclination angle (maximum stress 235 MPa, below the yield strength of Q355). PVsyst simulation results show that the tracking flexible system in Tianjin has an annual radiation reception increase of 9.88% and 4.48% compared to the 10˚ and 35˚ fixed systems, respectively, and an annual power generation increase of 10.79% and 4.5%. This study provides key technical support for the realization of tracking functions in flexible PV support systems, and its structural optimization method can be extended to other large-span adjustable structure fields.