老年脑卒中偏瘫患者主要照顾者的照顾能力现状及影响因素和社会支持的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between the Caregiving Ability Current Status of Primary Caregivers of Elderly Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia and Their Perceived Social Support

摘要: 目的：探讨老年脑卒中偏瘫患者主要照顾者的照顾能力与领悟社会支持现状及分析其相关性，为提升照顾者照护水平提供依据。方法 选取2026年1月~2026年4月南宁市某三级甲等医院306对老年脑卒中偏瘫患者及主要照顾者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、照顾者照顾能力量表(FCTI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)进行调查，使用SPSS25.0进行Pearson相关分析与多元线性回归分析。结果：老年脑卒中偏瘫患者主要照顾者照顾能力总分为(20.16 ± 9.67)分，处于中等偏低水平；领悟社会支持总分为(47.07 ± 15.18)分，处于中等水平。照顾能力与领悟社会支持总分及各维度均呈高度负相关(r = −0.857, P < 0.01)。社会支持水平的提高与照顾能力得分的降低(即照顾能力的提升)相关，社会支持为照顾能力的正向保护因素。多元线性回归显示，患者自理能力、照顾者工作状况、家庭人均月收入、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持是照顾能力的主要影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论：老年脑卒中偏瘫患者主要照顾者照顾能力与社会支持水平有待提升，社会支持为重要保护性因素。临床应构建医院、社区、家庭协同支持体系，强化社会支持与针对性照护干预，以改善照顾者照护能力，提高患者康复质量。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current status of the caregiving ability of the main caregivers of elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia and their perception of social support, and to analyze the correlation between them, in order to provide a basis for improving the caregiving level of the caregivers. Methods: A total of 306 pairs of elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia and their main caregivers from a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanning from January 2026 to April 2026 were selected as the research subjects. General information questionnaires, the Caregiver Care Ability Scale (FCTI), and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used for investigation. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. Results: The total score of the caregiving ability of the main caregivers of elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia was (20.16 ± 9.67) points, which was at a moderately low level; the total score of perceived social support was (47.07 ± 15.18) points, which was at a medium level. The total score of caregiving ability was highly negatively correlated with the total score of perceived social support and each dimension (r = −0.857, P < 0.01). The improvement of social support level was related to the decrease in the score of caregiving ability (i.e., the improvement of caregiving ability), and social support was a positive protective factor for caregiving ability. Multiple linear regression showed that the self-care ability of the patients, the working status of the caregivers, the monthly per capita income of the family, family support, friend support, and other support were the main influencing factors of caregiving ability (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The caregiving ability and social support level of the main caregivers of elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia need to be improved. Social support is an important protective factor. Clinically, a collaborative support system of hospital, community, and family should be constructed, and social support and targeted care intervention should be strengthened to improve the caregiving ability of the caregivers and the rehabilitation quality of the patients.