读者何为？——接受美学视角下AI文学创作的价值缺失与路径探寻

What Is a Reader?—On the Value Deficiency and Pathfinding of AI Literary Creation from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

摘要: 随着生成式人工智能技术的迅速发展，AI已逐渐介入文学创作领域，并展现出较强的文本生成能力。从自动诗歌生成到长篇小说写作，AI不断改变传统文学创作方式，也引发了关于“AI文本能否成为真正文学作品”的讨论。本文以接受美学理论为研究视角，结合姚斯“期待视野”与伊瑟尔“召唤结构”等核心理论，探讨AI文学创作在读者接受层面所呈现出的价值缺失问题。本文基于接受美学视域，系统分析了AI文学如何冲击读者阅读经验、为何缺乏阅读参与感，同时指出AI文学活动在创新性、距离感、情感性方面的不足。本文进一步指出，文学作品的价值不仅在于文本本身，更在于读者在阅读过程中不断生成意义的动态活动。AI文学虽然能够提高文本生产效率，但仍难以替代人类创作者在情感经验、审美创造以及意义留白方面的独特作用。因此，未来人工智能文学的发展不应走向完全替代人类创作，而应探索以“人机协同”为核心的创作路径，使AI成为辅助文学创作与拓展文学表达的工具，从而更好地维护文学的审美价值与读者主体地位。

Abstract: With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence technologies, AI has gradually entered the field of literary creation and demonstrated increasingly sophisticated capabilities in text generation. From automated poetry production to the writing of full-length novels, AI is continuously reshaping traditional modes of literary production while simultaneously provoking debates over whether AI-generated texts can truly be regarded as literary works. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Reception Aesthetics, this paper examines the value deficiencies manifested in AI literary creation from the perspective of readers’ reception, with particular reference to Hans Robert Jauss’s concept of the “horizon of expectations” and Wolfgang Iser’s theory of the “structure of indeterminacy” or “appeal structure”. From the perspective of Reception Aesthetics, this study systematically analyzes how AI literature reshapes readers’ reading experience and why it tends to lack genuine reader participation. It further explores the limitations of AI literary activities in terms of innovation, aesthetic distance, and emotional depth. The paper argues that the value of literature lies not merely in the text itself, but also in the dynamic process through which readers continuously generate meaning during the act of reading. Although AI literature may significantly improve the efficiency of textual production, it remains unable to replace human writers in the realms of emotional experience, aesthetic creativity, and meaningful textual indeterminacy. Therefore, the future development of AI literature should not move toward the complete replacement of human authorship. Instead, it should seek a human-AI collaborative model in which artificial intelligence functions as an auxiliary tool for literary creation and the expansion of literary expression, thereby better preserving the aesthetic value of literature and the subjectivity of readers.