太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术：材料设计、性能调控与抗盐机制研究进展
Research Progress on Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation Technology: Material Design, Performance Regulation and Salt Resistance Mechanism
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2026.166137, PDF,   
作者: 孟庆荧*, 宋兆焕#, 刘宏基：河北工程大学材料科学与工程学院，河北 邯郸；郭志伟, 刘小杰：河北工程大学土木工程学院，河北 邯郸
关键词: 太阳能驱动界面蒸发；光热转换材料；热局域化；抗盐机制；Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation； Photothermal Conversion Materials； Thermal Localization； Salt Resistance Mechanism
摘要: 全球淡水资源短缺与水质型缺水问题日益突出，已成为制约全球可持续发展的关键因素之一。传统海水淡化技术普遍存在能耗高、碳排放强度大等短板，难以满足偏远无电网地区的稳定淡水供给需求。太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术凭借高光热转换效率、低碳环保、运行成本低等显著优势，已成为海水淡化与水处理领域的前沿研究热点。本文系统阐述了太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术的基本原理，从光热转换材料、基体材料、热管理与水输运调控、抗盐机制四个角度梳理了该领域国内外最新研究进展，对比明确了不同材料体系与结构设计的性能差异与特点。
Abstract: The global shortage of freshwater resources and water quality-induced water scarcity are growing increasingly prominent, and have emerged as one of the key constraints to global sustainable development. Conventional seawater desalination technologies are generally plagued by inherent drawbacks including high energy consumption and high carbon emission intensity, rendering them unable to meet the demand for stable freshwater supply in remote off-grid areas. With its outstanding advantages of high photothermal conversion efficiency, low-carbon eco-friendliness, and low operating cost, solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology has become a cutting-edge research focus in the field of seawater desalination and water treatment. This paper systematically elaborates the fundamental principles of SDIE technology. From the four core dimensions of photothermal conversion materials, matrix materials, thermal management and water transport regulation, as well as salt resistance mechanisms, it reviews and analyzes the latest domestic and international research progress in this field, and compares and clarifies the performance differences, advantages and limitations of various material systems and structural designs.
文章引用：孟庆荧, 郭志伟, 刘小杰, 宋兆焕, 刘宏基. 太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术：材料设计、性能调控与抗盐机制研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(6): 47-55. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.166137

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