雷州半岛红树林时空变化与景观格局演变特征
Spatial-Temporal Changes and Landscape Pattern Evolution Characteristics of Mangroves in Leizhou Peninsula
DOI: 10.12677/gser.2026.153043, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 陈堉淳, 李 瑾, 吴 笛：广东工贸职业技术学院测绘遥感信息学院，广东 广州
关键词: 雷州半岛；红树林；时空演变；空间变化检测；景观格局；Leizhou Peninsula； Mangrove Forests； Spatiotemporal Evolution； Spatial Change Detection； Landscape Pattern
摘要: 红树林是热带、亚热带海岸带重要的湿地生态系统，在防风消浪、固碳储碳、维持生物多样性等方面发挥着不可替代的生态功能。雷州半岛拥有中国面积最大的红树林国家级自然保护区，是我国红树林资源最为丰富的区域之一。本研究基于2019、2021和2023年三个时相的高精度红树林分布数据，综合运用面积统计、空间变化检测和景观格局分析等方法，系统分析雷州半岛红树林的时空演变特征。研究结果表明：2019~2023年，雷州半岛红树林总面积由4342.21公顷增至5085.08公顷，累计净增742.87公顷，增幅达17.11%，呈现持续增长态势；在空间格局上，麻章区是增长最为突出的区域，累计增量占全市总增量的30.30%，新增斑块多分布于主要河流入海口两侧及潮沟沿线，与水体边界紧密相邻，消失斑块则相对零星，多位于远离主要水系的边缘地带；在景观格局上，斑块数量由2959个减少至2836个，平均斑块面积由1.47公顷增至1.79公顷，景观破碎化程度有所降低，斑块合并与整合趋势明显。本研究揭示了雷州半岛红树林“面积持续增长、空间沿水系扩展、格局趋于优化”的演变特征，可为区域红树林资源监测、保护修复成效评估及海岸带空间规划提供科学依据。
Abstract: Mangroves are crucial wetland ecosystems in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, playing indispensable ecological roles in windbreak, wave attenuation, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. The Leizhou Peninsula hosts China’s largest national-level mangrove nature reserve, making it one of the most abundant mangrove resource areas in the country. Based on high-resolution mangrove distribution data from 2019, 2021, and 2023, this study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of mangroves in the Leizhou Peninsula using methods such as area statistics, spatial change detection, and landscape pattern analysis. The findings reveal: From 2019 to 2023, the total mangrove area in the Leizhou Peninsula increased from 4342.21 hectares to 5085.08 hectares, with a cumulative net gain of 742.87 hectares—a 17.11% rise, indicating sustained growth. Spatially, Mazhang District exhibited the most pronounced expansion, accounting for 30.30% of the city’s total increase. New patches predominantly formed along the shores of major rivers and tidal creeks, closely adjacent to water bodies, while disappearing patches were relatively scattered and located in peripheral areas far from major water systems. In terms of landscape patterns, the number of patches decreased from 2959 to 2836, while the average patch area expanded from 1.47 hectares to 1.79 hectares, indicating reduced fragmentation and a clear trend toward patch merging and integration. This study reveals the evolutionary characteristics of mangroves in the Leizhou Peninsula—“continuous area expansion, spatial extension along water systems, and optimized landscape patterns”—providing scientific insights for regional mangrove resource monitoring, conservation and restoration effectiveness evaluation, and coastal zone spatial planning.
文章引用：陈堉淳, 李瑾, 吴笛. 雷州半岛红树林时空变化与景观格局演变特征[J]. 地理科学研究, 2026, 15(3): 457-466. https://doi.org/10.12677/gser.2026.153043

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