行政处罚决定公开的程序构造与规范路径

The Procedural Structure and Normative Path of the Publication of Administrative Penalty Decisions

摘要: 《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》第四十八条确立的行政处罚决定公开制度，本质上是一种贯穿行政处罚全流程的行政程序。该程序以公共利益的保护和权力规制为核心价值，通过信息公开的事实行为发挥社会警示与间接强制功能。但实践中，处罚决定公开程序存在适用标准模糊、操作流程不规范、救济不足等问题，导致公开不足与公开过度并存。行政处罚决定公开的规范运行需立足其事后公开属性与事实行为定位，从程序目的、适用标准、操作流程、监督救济等维度构建全链条的程序控制体系，通过差异化处理与过程性规制，实现行政程序透明度与行政相对人权益保护的动态平衡，推动行政执法程序的法治化与规范化。

Abstract: The system for the publication of administrative penalty decisions established by Article 48 of the “Administrative Penalty Law” is essentially an administrative procedure running through the entire process of administrative penalties. Centered on the core values of public interest protection and power regulation, this procedure performs the functions of social warning and indirect coercion through the factual act of information disclosure. Nevertheless, in practice, the publication procedure of administrative penalty decisions is plagued by ambiguous applicable criteria, non-standardized operational protocols, and inadequate remedial mechanisms, resulting in the coexistence of insufficient and excessive disclosure. To ensure the normative operation of the publication of administrative penalty decisions, it is imperative to ground the analysis in its ex post disclosure attribute and its characterization as a factual act, and to construct a comprehensive, full-chain procedural control system encompassing the dimensions of procedural objectives, applicable standards, operational protocols, and supervisory remedies. Through differentiated treatment and process-based regulation, a dynamic equilibrium between administrative procedural transparency and the protection of the interests of administrative counterparties can be achieved, thereby advancing the legalization and standardization of administrative enforcement procedures.