乡村振兴背景下农村互助养老的实践困境与优化路径

The Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Rural Mutual Aid Elderly Care under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 在乡村振兴战略全面推进与农村人口老龄化加剧的双重背景下，农村养老问题成为亟待补齐的民生短板。农村互助养老以其低成本、高适配、不离乡土的特质，成为破解农村养老难题的重要路径。本文基于乡村振兴战略视域，梳理农村互助养老的主要实践模式，分析其在制度保障、资金来源、专业人才、老年参与、运行管理等方面面临的现实困境，并提出强化政策顶层设计、拓宽多元资金渠道、建强专业人才队伍、激活老年内生动力、创新长效运行模式等优化路径，以期为完善农村养老服务体系、助力乡村振兴提供理论参考。

Abstract: Under the dual background of the comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy and the intensification of rural population aging, the issue of rural elderly care has become a critical shortcoming in people’s livelihood that needs to be urgently addressed. Rural mutual aid elderly care, with its characteristics of low cost, high adaptability, and not leaving the native land, has become an important path to solving the problem of rural elderly care. Based on the perspective of the rural revitalization strategy, this article sorts out the main practical models of rural mutual aid elderly care, analyzes the realistic difficulties it faces in terms of institutional guarantee, funding sources, professional talents, elderly participation, and operation management, and proposes optimization paths such as strengthening the top-level policy design, broadening multiple funding channels, building a strong professional talent team, activating the endogenous power of the elderly, and innovating a long-term operation model, with the aim of providing theoretical references for improving the rural elderly care service system and promoting rural revitalization.