中医护理技术在支气管肺炎患儿中应用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Technology in Children with Bronchial Pneumonia

摘要: 支气管肺炎是儿科常见的呼吸系统疾病，发病率高，对儿童健康构成严重威胁。近年来，中医护理技术因其简便、安全、有效、副作用少等优势，在支气管肺炎患儿的辅助治疗中日益受到重视。本文系统综述了耳穴压豆、穴位贴敷、推拿、中药灌肠、拔罐、针刺、刮痧、中药热奄包、中医定向透药及多种技术联合应用等在支气管肺炎患儿中的研究进展，总结其应用现状与临床效果。现有研究表明，中医护理技术能有效改善患儿临床症状、缩短病程、减少复发、提升治疗安全性。同时，本文分析了当前研究存在的不足，如缺乏大样本随机对照试验、操作规范不统一、个体化施护研究薄弱等，并对未来研究方向提出展望，包括开展多中心长期研究、探索联合干预路径、完善操作标准及推动“医院–家庭”联动护理模式等，旨在为支气管肺炎患儿的临床护理提供更全面、有效的干预策略和理论支持。

Abstract: Bronchopneumonia is a common respiratory disease in pediatrics with a high incidence and poses a serious threat to children’s health. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology has been paid more and more attention in the adjuvant treatment of children with bronchial pneumonia because of its advantages of simplicity, safety, effectiveness and less side effects. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of auricular point pressing, acupoint application, massage, traditional Chinese medicine enema, cupping, acupuncture, scraping, traditional Chinese medicine hot pack, traditional Chinese medicine directional penetration and combined application of various techniques in children with bronchial pneumonia, and summarizes its application status and clinical effects. Existing studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of children, shorten the course of disease, reduce recurrence, and improve the safety of treatment. At the same time, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current research, such as the lack of large-sample randomized controlled trials, inconsistent operation specifications, and weak individualized nursing research, and puts forward prospects for future research directions, including multi-center long-term research, exploration of joint intervention paths, improvement of operation standards, and promotion of “hospital-family” linkage nursing model, aiming to provide more comprehensive and effective intervention strategies and theoretical support for clinical nursing of children with bronchial pneumonia.