冠心病的中西医治疗现状与研究进展

Current Status and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment for Coronary Heart Disease

摘要: 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(Coronary Artery Disease, CAD)是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化使管腔狭窄或阻塞，导致心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而引起的心脏病。中医归属于“胸痹”、“心痛”的范畴，多见于中老年人、高血压患者、高血脂人群、长期吸烟酗酒者及肥胖久坐人群，近年来发病呈明显年轻化趋势。该病以冠状动脉粥样硬化导致血管狭窄、闭塞，进而引发心肌缺血、缺氧甚至坏死，临床表现以胸闷、胸痛、心悸、气短为主，严重者可诱发急性心梗、猝死。西医治疗以快速改善心肌供血、抗栓、降脂、介入及手术，起效迅速；中医常采用中药内服、针灸、穴位贴敷等方式，在改善冠心病的症状、提高远期预后方面优势显著。本文系统梳理冠心病中西医治疗现状，为临床此病的防治提供参考。

Abstract: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or necrosis due to the narrowing or obstruction of the coronary artery lumen caused by coronary atherosclerosis. In traditional Chinese medicine, it falls under the categories of “chest obstruction” and “heart pain,” and is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, hypertensive patients, individuals with high blood lipids, long-term smokers and alcoholics, and obese sedentary individuals. In recent years, the disease has shown a noticeable trend of affecting younger people. This disease is characterized by coronary atherosclerosis leading to vascular stenosis and occlusion, which in turn causes myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and even necrosis. The clinical manifestations mainly include chest tightness, chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can induce acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. Western medicine treatment focuses on rapidly improving myocardial blood supply, antithrombotic therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, intervention, and surgery, which have rapid onset effects. Traditional Chinese medicine often employs methods such as oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, and acupoint application, which have significant advantages in improving the symptoms of coronary heart disease and enhancing long-term prognosis. This article systematically reviews the current status of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatments for coronary heart disease, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease in clinical practice.