乡村振兴背景下推进农业机械化的困境及对策

Challenges and Solutions for Promoting Agricultural Mechanization in the Context of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 农业机械化是破解“三农”问题、推进乡村振兴战略的核心支撑，更是实现农业现代化与保障国家粮食安全的关键路径。文章以乡村振兴战略实施为时代背景，整合2020~2025年全国农业机械化发展统计数据，系统剖析当前我国农业机械化在装备供给、区域均衡、人才支撑、政策保障等维度面临的结构性困境，深度揭示农机与农艺、农田、农服协同不足的深层矛盾。通过提炼黑龙江、云南、四平、建水等地的典型实践经验，从技术创新、区域适配、人才培育、政策优化、服务升级五个层面，提出针对性破解对策，为推动农业机械化高质量发展、助力乡村全面振兴提供理论参考与实践路径。

Abstract: Agricultural mechanization is a crucial support for resolving the “three rural” issues and advancing the strategy of rural revitalization. It is also a key pathway for achieving agricultural modernization and ensuring national food security. This paper takes the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization as the backdrop, integrates the statistical data on the development of agricultural mechanization nationwide from 2020 to 2025, and systematically analyzes the structural challenges faced by China’s current agricultural mechanization in terms of equipment supply, regional balance, talent support, and policy guarantees. It also delves into the underlying contradictions of inadequate coordination between agricultural machinery and techniques, farmland management, and agricultural services. By drawing on typical practical experiences from places such as Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Siping, and Jianshui, the paper proposes targeted solutions from five dimensions: technological innovation, regional adaptation, talent cultivation, policy optimization, and service upgrading. These solutions aim to provide theoretical references and practical paths for promoting high-quality development of agricultural mechanization and contributing to the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.