锂硫电池中碳基正极材料的研究进展
Research Progress on Carbon-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2026.166139, PDF,   
作者: 邹晓婉：温州大学化学与材料工程学院，浙江 温州
关键词: 锂硫电池；穿梭效应；硫正极；碳材料；Lithium-Sulfur Battery； Shuttle Effect； Sulfur Cathode； Carbon Materials
摘要: 锂硫(Li-S)电池凭借高达2600 Wh∙kg−1的理论能量密度与1675 mAh∙g−1的理论容量，且硫资源储量丰富、成本低廉等优势，被视为下一代高性能储能系统的关键体系。然而，其商业化应用受制于硫正极导电性差、充放电过程中体积膨胀，以及多硫化物穿梭效应严重等问题。碳材料凭借优异的导电性、高比表面积和良好的化学稳定性，被广泛研究用于正极结构设计。本文系统梳理了Li-S电池碳基正极材料的研究进展，重点介绍了多孔碳、碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维、杂原子掺杂碳、生物质炭及碳基电催化材料等硫载体的性能表现。最后指出了当前碳基正极材料面临的挑战并展望了未来的发展方向。
Abstract: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered key systems for next-generation high-performance energy storage. They offer a theoretical energy density of up to 2600 Wh∙kg−1 and a theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh∙g−1. Additionally, sulfur resources are abundant and cost-effective. However, their commercial application is limited by several issues. These include poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, volume expansion during charge and discharge, and the severe polysulfide shuttle effect. Carbon materials have been widely studied for their potential in cathode structure design. This is due to their excellent conductivity, high specific surface area, and good chemical stability. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of carbon-based cathode materials for Li-S batteries. It highlights the performance of porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, heteroatom-doped carbon, biomass-derived carbon, and carbon-based electrocatalytic materials as sulfur hosts. Finally, the challenges currently faced by carbon-based cathode materials are discussed, and future development directions are proposed.
文章引用：邹晓婉. 锂硫电池中碳基正极材料的研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(6): 65-78. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.166139

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