应收账款管理效率对企业盈利能力影响研究——以中船汉光为例

Research on the Impact of Accounts Receivable Management Efficiency on Corporate Profitability—Taking CSIC Han Guang as an Example

摘要: 应收账款管理是企业营运资金管理的核心环节，其效率直接影响企业的盈利质量与现金流安全。本文以中船汉光科技股份有限公司为研究对象，基于该公司2021~2025年连续五年的财务数据，运用描述性统计、趋势分析、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归等数量分析方法，实证检验应收账款周转率、应收账款占营业收入比重、坏账准备率等指标对净利润的影响。研究结果表明：应收账款周转率与净利润呈显著正相关，应收账款占营收比重与净利润呈显著负相关，坏账准备率对当期净利润具有负向冲击。年报中披露的珠海联进电子科技有限公司破产清算事项进一步印证了信用风险管理的紧迫性。基于实证结论，本文提出了优化客户信用评估、加强长账龄催收、建立应收账款风险预警机制等管理建议，为同类制造企业完善应收账款管理提供参考。

Abstract: Accounts receivable management is a core aspect of enterprise working capital management, and its efficiency directly impacts the profit quality and cash flow security of the enterprise. This paper takes China Shipbuilding Han Guang Technology Co., Ltd. as the research object and, based on the company’s financial data for five consecutive years from 2021 to 2025, employs quantitative analysis methods such as descriptive statistics, trend analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression to empirically examine the impact of indicators such as accounts receivable turnover ratio, proportion of accounts receivable to operating income, and bad debt provision ratio on net profit. The research results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between accounts receivable turnover ratio and net profit, a significant negative correlation between the proportion of accounts receivable to operating income and net profit, and a negative impact of bad debt provision ratio on current net profit. The bankruptcy liquidation of Zhuhai Lianjin Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. disclosed in the annual report further underscores the urgency of credit risk management. Based on the empirical conclusions, this paper proposes management suggestions such as optimizing customer credit assessment, strengthening long-outstanding account collection, and establishing an accounts receivable risk warning mechanism, providing a reference for similar manufacturing enterprises to improve their accounts receivable management.