安宁疗护背景下本科护理专业学生死亡态度现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Current Knowledge of Palliative Care and Influencing Factors

摘要: 目的：探讨本科护理专业学生的死亡态度现状及影响因素。方法：在2025年1月期间，采用方便抽样法，选取陕西省两所高等院校的313名本科护理专业学生作为研究对象，开展问卷调查工作。本次横断面研究中，使用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表、姑息护理知识问卷、临终关怀态度量表的调查工具进行调查。采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析：描述性统计分析用于分析样本基本特征，独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析探究不同组别间的差异，Pearson相关分析考察变量间的相关性，以死亡态度量表总分为因变量，进行多元线性回归分析探讨影响因素的作用(检验水准α = 0.05)。结果：本科护理专业学生死亡态度得分、姑息护理知识得分以及临终关怀态度得分，分别为(2.78 ± 0.53)分、(0.52 ± 0.30)分和(3.33 ± 0.48)分。多元线性回归分析显示，参加遗体告别或葬礼(β = 0.193, P = 0.047)和避免谈论死亡(β = −0.343, P = 0.001)是死亡态度的显著影响因素。结论：本科护理专业学生死亡态度处于中等水平，死亡态度作为安宁疗护整体认知的重要情感侧面，建议通过构建涵盖参加遗体告别或葬礼和死亡回避倾向的多维课程体系，为加强护理学教学中的知识转换和实习能力的培养提供参考，提升护生安宁疗护专业素养。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate undergraduate nursing students’ current understanding of death attitude and analyse influencing factors. Methods: During January 2025, a convenience sample of 313 undergraduate nursing students from two higher education institutions in Shaanxi Province was selected via convenience sampling for questionnaire-based research. This cross-sectional study employed the following instruments: a general information questionnaire, the Attitudes towards Death Scale, the Palliative Care Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Hospice Care Attitude Scale. SPSS 26.0 was employed for descriptive statistical analysis of sample characteristics, independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA to explore differences between groups, Pearson correlation analysis to examine variable relationships, and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate influencing factors (significance level α = 0.05). Results: Undergraduate nursing students scored (2.78 ± 0.53) on the Death Attitude Scale, (0.52 ± 0.30) on the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale, and (3.33 ± 0.48) on the Hospice Care Attitude Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the total score of the Death Attitude Scale as the dependent variable. The results revealed that attendance at funeral services or farewell ceremonies (β = 0.193, P = 0.047) and avoidance of death-related discussions (β = −0.343, P = 0.001) were significant influencing factors. Conclusion: Undergraduate nursing students demonstrated a moderate level of death attitude. Death attitude is an important emotional dimension of palliative care competence. It is recommended that a multidimensional curriculum encompassing attendance at viewings or funerals, and avoidance of death-related discourse be developed. This approach may enhance knowledge translation and practical skills cultivation within nursing education, thereby elevating students’ professional competence in palliative care.