屈光参差性弱视患儿训练效果分析

Analysis of Training Effect in Children with Anisometric Amblyopia

摘要: 目的：探究接受弱视训练的屈光参差性弱视患儿视力提升的时间曲线特征与规律。方法：回顾性分析72例(81眼)屈光参差性弱视患儿的临床资料，收集每位患儿训练期间每月复查的最佳矫正视力数据，采用重复测量方差分析进行比较。结果：治疗后每月末的LogMAR视力变化具有显著统计学意义(F = 70.084, P < 0.001)。治疗后视力提升过程呈现阶段性特征：治疗后的1~2月视力快速提升、3~5个月提升速度明显放缓、6~9个月视力趋于稳定、10~12个月视力维持在正常水平。结论：屈光参差性弱视患儿视力提升呈阶段性规律，整个过程可划分为快速变化期(1~2个月)、缓慢变化期(3~5个月)、稳定期(6~9个月)和巩固期(10~12个月)。治疗后的前2个月是视力改善的关键窗口期，坚持规范训练至少6个月对巩固疗效至关重要。该规律有助于临床医生根据弱视患儿所处的视力提升阶段优化训练方案，制定合理的预期目标，提高治愈率。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the temporal curve characteristics and patterns of visual acuity improvement in children with anisometropic amblyopia undergoing amblyopia training. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 72 children (81 eyes) with anisometropic amblyopia. Monthly best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements during the training period were collected for each child, and repeated-measurement ANOVA was employed for comparison. Results: The LogMAR visual acuity changes at the end of each month post-treatment were statistically significant (F = 70.084, P < 0.001). The visual acuity improvement process exhibited distinct phases: rapid improvement during the first 1~2 months, a marked slowdown in the 3~5-month period, stabilization between months 6~9, and maintenance of normal levels from months 10~12. Conclusion: Visual acuity improvement in children with anisometropic amblyopia follows a phased pattern, which can be divided into a rapid improvement phase (1~2 months), a slow improvement phase (3~5 months), a stabilization phase (6~9 months), and a consolidation phase (10~12 months). The first two months post-treatment constitute a critical window for visual acuity improvement, and adherence to standardized training for at least 6 months is essential for consolidating therapeutic outcomes. This pattern enables clinicians to optimize training protocols based on the child’s current visual acuity improvement stage, set realistic expectations, and enhance cure rates.