温度敏感型液体栓塞剂在肝肿瘤介入治疗中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Temperature Sensitive Liquid Embolic Agents in Interventional Treatment of Liver Tumors

摘要: 近年来，介入治疗领域取得长足进步，已成为中晚期及不可切除肝脏肿瘤的主要治疗方式之一，而栓塞材料的创新与发展是技术进步的关键。温度敏感型液体栓塞剂(TempSLE)是一类可在体温下发生溶胶–凝胶相变的新型生物材料，近年来在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗领域受到了越来越多的关注。与传统的碘油等栓塞剂相比，这类材料既能经导管顺利注入，又能在血管内快速固化形成持久栓塞，在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗中展现出一定的优势。然而，目前该领域仍存在不少争议与挑战，如部分材料的力学强度不足、体内降解途径不明确、功能复合型材料难以制备等问题，以及缺乏大样本、多中心的前瞻性临床证据。本文系统综述TempSLE的基础特性及分类，阐述其在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗中的应用进展，评价其疗效与安全性，并分析临床转化挑战与发展方向，以期为该类材料的进一步研究及肝脏肿瘤精准介入治疗提供理论参考。

Abstract: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of interventional therapy, which has become one of the main treatment methods for mid-to-late stage and unresectable liver tumors. The innovation and development of embolic materials are key to technological advancement. Temperature-sensitive liquid embolic agents (TempSLE) are a class of novel biomaterials. They can undergo sol-gel phase transition at body temperature. In recent years, they have received increasing attention in the field of interventional therapy for liver tumors. Compared with traditional embolic agents such as lipiodol, these materials can be smoothly delivered through catheters. They can also rapidly solidify into durable emboli within blood vessels. Therefore, they show certain advantages in liver tumor interventional therapy. However, there are still many controversies and challenges in this field. For example, some materials have insufficient mechanical strength. The degradation pathways of these materials are unclear. Functional composite materials are difficult to prepare. Moreover, there is a lack of large-scale, multicenter prospective clinical evidence. This article systematically reviews the basic properties and classifications of TempSLE. It describes their application progress in interventional therapy for liver tumors. It evaluates their efficacy and safety. It also analyzes challenges in clinical translation and future directions. The goal is to provide a theoretical reference for further research on these materials and for precision interventional therapy of liver tumors.