内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术在儿童阑尾炎治疗中的最新应用进展

The Latest Application Progress of Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Treatment in the Treatment of Appendicitis in Children

摘要: 阑尾炎是小儿腹部常见的外科急症，因症状不典型易出现误诊、延误诊治，进而引发阑尾穿孔、脓肿、腹膜炎等并发症，严重威胁患儿生命健康。传统治疗以手术和保守治疗为主，随着对阑尾生理功能认知加深，发现阑尾是儿童重要免疫器官与肠道菌群储存库。近年来，内镜逆行阑尾炎治疗术(Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy, ERAT)作为一种新型微创保器官技术，凭借创伤小、恢复快、保留阑尾功能等优势，成为阑尾炎治疗的优选替代方案。本文针对ERAT在儿童阑尾炎治疗中的技术原理、临床应用、有效性与安全性等进行总结，旨在为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in children. Given its atypical clinical manifestations, it is prone to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, which may lead to complications such as appendiceal perforation, abscess and peritonitis, and seriously endanger children’s life and health. Traditionally, surgical intervention and conservative management constitute the main treatment modalities for appendicitis. With the deepening understanding of the physiological functions of the appendix, it has been confirmed that the appendix serves as a vital immune organ and a reservoir of intestinal flora in children. In recent years, Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy (ERAT), as a novel minimally invasive organ-preserving technique, has emerged as a preferred alternative for appendicitis treatment due to its advantages including minimal trauma, rapid postoperative recovery and preservation of appendiceal function. This article reviews the technical principles, clinical application, efficacy and safety of ERAT in the treatment of pediatric appendicitis, so as to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice.