考试焦虑对高中生工作记忆表现的影响
The Impact of Test Anxiety on Working Memory Performance in High School Students
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.166318, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 孙晨皓：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 考试焦虑；工作记忆；特质焦虑；学生健康；Test Anxiety； Working Memory； Trait Anxiety； Student Health
摘要: 考试焦虑是影响高中生心理健康与学业效能的常见问题。本研究通过实验室实验探讨考试焦虑对高中生工作记忆(WM)表现的影响。采用2 (词语类型：考试相关威胁词/中性词) × 2 (评价压力：有/无) × 2 (特质焦虑水平：高/低)混合实验设计，招募高中学生完成3-back任务，以正确率、反应时、辨别力指标d'及反应标准c为因变量，通过混合方差分析检验变量关系。结果表明：1) 评价压力情境未显著诱发状态焦虑水平变化(p > 0.05)，但显著提升了正确率；2) 考试威胁刺激显著延长反应时；3) 高特质焦虑组在辨别力指标d’和正确率上表现更优。结果提示，适度的评价压力或特质焦虑可能通过提升激活水平而暂时优化认知表现；而环境中存在的考试威胁信息则会潜在地干扰工作记忆效率。本研究为优化教育环境、减少潜在认知干扰因素以促进学生认知健康提供了实验证据。
Abstract: Test anxiety is a prevalent issue affecting the mental health and academic efficiency of high school students. This study examined the effects of test anxiety on working memory (WM) performance in high school students through a laboratory experiment. A 2 (word type: exam-related threat words vs. neutral words) × 2 (evaluative pressure: present vs. absent) × 2 (trait anxiety level: high vs. low) mixed-design was adopted. High school students were recruited to complete a 3-back task, with accuracy, reaction time (RT), discriminability index (d'), and response criterion (c) as dependent variables. Mixed-design ANOVA was used to analyze variable relationships. Key findings included:1) Evaluative pressure did not significantly alter state anxiety levels (p > 0.05) but significantly enhanced accuracy; 2) Exam-related threat stimuli significantly prolonged reaction time;3) The high trait anxiety group outperformed the low anxiety group in both d’ and accuracy. The results suggest that moderate evaluative pressure or trait anxiety may temporarily optimize cognitive performance by increasing arousal levels, while the presence of exam-related threat information in the environment potentially interferes with working memory efficiency. This study provides experimental evidence for optimizing the educational environment and reducing potential cognitive interference to promote students’ cognitive health.
文章引用：孙晨皓 (2026). 考试焦虑对高中生工作记忆表现的影响. 心理学进展, 16(6), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.166318

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