算法视域下数字资本主义中的劳动异化：本质阐释与批判性超越

Algorithmic Labor Alienation in Digital Capitalism: An Essential Interpretation and Critical Transcendence

摘要: 该研究论文以马克思的异化劳动理论为基础，探讨了在数字资本主义时代，算法如何成为加剧劳动异化现象的核心机制。文章首先指出，数字资本主义通过算法将劳动者的行为、情感乃至日常生活转化为可量化的资本增殖原材料，构成了劳动异化的技术基础。接着，文章系统地从劳动产品(数据所有权与价值被剥夺)、劳动过程(算法规训与主体性消解)、人的类本质(创造性活动退化为数据工具)以及社会关系(平台垄断与劳工分化)四个维度，深入阐释了数字劳动异化的新形态及其本质。最后，文章提出了一套“批判性超越”的路径，主张通过打破数据垄断(迈向数据公有制)、重构劳动价值(承认数字劳动贡献)、实现技术民主化(算法服务于人)以及创新劳工组织(构建数字工会)等方式，来消解异化，最终实现人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: Based on Marx’s theory of alienated labor, this paper explores how algorithms have become the core mechanism intensifying labor alienation in the era of digital capitalism. It first points out that digital capitalism, through algorithms, transforms workers’ behavior, emotions, and even daily life into quantifiable raw materials for capital valorization, thereby constituting the technical foundation of labor alienation. The paper then systematically interprets the new forms and essence of digital labor alienation from four dimensions: the product of labor (deprivation of data ownership and value), the labor process (algorithmic discipline and dissolution of subjectivity), the species-being of humanity (degradation of creative activity into data tools), and social relations (platform monopoly and labor stratification). Finally, the paper proposes a path of “critical transcendence,” advocating for overcoming alienation through breaking data monopolies (moving toward public data ownership), reconstructing labor value (recognizing the contribution of digital labor), realizing technological democratization (democratizing algorithms for human development), and innovating labor organization (building digital unions), thereby ultimately achieving the free and comprehensive development of human beings.