网络表情包侵权类型分析与法律规制研究

Analysis of Infringement Types of Internet Memes and Research on Legal Regulation

摘要: 随着网络时代的迅猛发展，相较于单一的文字沟通，网络表情包因其生动有趣的形象、丰富多样的形式成为人们线上交流的主力军。然而，在网络表情包成为时代宠儿的背后，网络表情包特别是再加工型表情包侵权现象频发，且主要表现为肖像权与名誉权侵权、著作权侵权两种类型。鉴于网络表情包具有制作门槛低、传播速度快、主体多重性与匿名性的特点，该类侵权案件存在侵权主体难以认定、损害结果难以量化、诉讼维权难度较大的难题。为应对该新挑战，应从明确各主体的法律责任、完善损害结果认定规则，及健全侵权救济路径共三方面，针对性地予以完善。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid advancement of the digital era, internet memes, with their vivid imagery, engaging expressions and diverse forms, have gradually replaced monotonous text communication and emerged as the dominant medium for daily online interaction. Despite their soaring popularity in contemporary society, internet memes, particularly those with secondary creation, are plagued by frequent intellectual property and personal rights infringements, which primarily fall into two categories: the violation of portrait rights and reputation rights, and copyright infringement. Given the inherent attributes of internet memes—low production costs and technical barriers, rapid viral dissemination, as well as the multiplicity and anonymity of involved participants—such infringement cases pose prominent legal dilemmas. These include difficulties in identifying tortfeasors, quantifying tangible and intangible damages, and seeking effective judicial redress through litigation. To tackle this emerging legal challenge, targeted countermeasures should be formulated and implemented from three dimensions: clarifying the legal obligations of all stakeholders, refining the judicial rules for damage identification and quantification, and optimizing the overall remedy system for online tort disputes.