AI修复技术介入下胶片影像保护的著作权问题研究

Research on Copyright Issues in the Protection of Film Images with the Intervention of AI Restoration Technology

摘要: 在当前AI修复技术深度介入胶片影像数字化全流程的时代背景下，需明确不同层级修复行为的法律定性，完善新技术环境下著作权法规则的解释路径，以填补当前针对胶片影像AI数字化修复这一特定场景专门化研究存在的明显空缺，实现文化遗产数字活化、技术创新激励与著作权人私权保护这三重价值平衡。从胶片影像AI修复的概念入手，通过运用技术类型化方法厘清胶片影像AI修复技术的层级边界，并在此基础上构建出分层式独创性判断标准，在细化权利归属规则与合理使用边界的同时化解各著作权人之间的权利冲突。是故，建议根据技术干预程度将AI修复划分为基础修复、中度修复、深度修复三个层级，三个层级的AI修复技术行为分别对应构成对原作品的复制与改编的著作权法定性；对不同层级AI技术修复的胶片影像及其成果还需要进行不同程度的独创性认定与可版权保护。同时，通过分清原著作权人的权利保护范围与行权规则以维护修复者的合法私权，最终以期在著作权法的激励机制与公共利益目标之间实现最优适配。

Abstract: Against the backdrop that AI restoration technology is deeply involved in the entire process of film image digitalization, it is necessary to clarify the legal nature of restoration acts at different levels and improve the interpretive approaches to copyright law rules in the new technological context. This will fill the conspicuous gaps in specialized research on the AI‑enabled digital restoration of film images as a specific scenario, and achieve the triple value balance of digital activation of cultural heritage, incentives for technological innovation, and protection of copyright owners’ private rights. Starting from the concept of AI restoration of film images, this paper adopts a technical typology approach to define the hierarchical boundaries of AI restoration technologies for film images, and on this basis constructs a hierarchical originality judgment standard. It refines the rules of right attribution and the scope of fair use, while resolving conflicts of rights among various copyright holders. Therefore, it is proposed that AI restoration be divided into three levels according to the degree of technical intervention: basic restoration, moderate restoration, and in-depth restoration. Acts of AI restoration at these three levels respectively constitute the copyright categories of reproduction and adaptation of the original work. Film images restored by AI technologies at different levels and their resulting works shall be subject to differentiated originality identification and copyright protection. Meanwhile, by clarifying the scope of rights protection and the rules for exercising rights of the original copyright holders, the legitimate private rights of restorers shall be safeguarded, so as to ultimately realize an optimal alignment between the incentive mechanism of copyright law and the goal of public interest.