复杂侧风环境下高速列车隧道内不等速交会的气动特性分析

Aerodynamic Characteristics Analysis of High-Speed Trains Passing at Unequal Speeds in Tunnels under Complex Crosswind Conditions

摘要: 随着高速铁路网络的不断扩展，隧道内列车交会所引发的气动干扰问题，尤其在复杂侧风环境下，已成为影响运行安全与舒适性的关键因素。文章基于三维可压缩非定常Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程，采用滑移网格方法，在300 km/h与400 km/h高速列车不等速交会过程中，对不同风速(10~25 m/s)及风向角(0˚、30˚、60˚)下的气动响应进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：在交会过程中，车体与隧道壁面出现典型的双峰压强波结构，隧道断面压强呈现显著非对称分布。慢速列车在压缩波和膨胀波耦合作用下，气动扰动更强且恢复更缓。侧风进一步增强了波系间的非线性耦合效应，导致压力波动幅度加剧、传播特性更加复杂。研究揭示了速度差与侧风共同作用下隧道–列车系统的气动演化机制，为高风速区域高速列车的结构优化与气动安全设计提供了理论依据和工程参考。

Abstract: With the continuous expansion of high-speed railway networks, the aerodynamic interference induced by trains passing in tunnels, particularly under complex crosswind conditions, has become a critical factor affecting operational safety and passenger comfort. In this study, three-dimensional compressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations coupled with a sliding mesh approach are employed to numerically investigate the aerodynamic responses of high-speed trains passing at unequal speeds (300 km/h and 400 km/h) under varying crosswind speeds (10~25 m/s) and wind angles (0˚, 30˚, and 60˚). The results indicate that a characteristic double-peaked pressure wave structure appears on both the train surfaces and tunnel walls during the passing process, and the tunnel cross-sectional pressure exhibits a pronounced asymmetric distribution. The slower train experiences stronger aerodynamic disturbances and slower recovery due to the combined effects of compression and expansion waves. Crosswinds further enhance the nonlinear coupling of wave systems, leading to intensified pressure fluctuations and more complex propagation characteristics. This study reveals the aerodynamic evolution mechanism of the tunnel-train system under the combined influence of speed difference and crosswind, providing theoretical insights and engineering references for structural optimization and aerodynamic safety design of high-speed trains operating in high-wind regions.