从“拉满”看网络流行语中极量范畴的主观化与情态功能

From “Laman” to Subjective Superlative: Subjectification and Modal Functions of the Extreme Quantity Category in Internet Catchphrases

摘要: 本文以网络流行语“XX拉满”(如“火锅辣度拉满”)为例，梳理其从古代汉语到现代汉语、从日常用语到网络流行语的历时演变路径，分析其在语法化过程中的语义虚化、句法功能拓展及语用功能演变特征，探讨隐喻机制、主观化在其演变中的核心作用，同时结合共时层面的语言事实，揭示“拉满”从具体动补短语发展为主观极量标记的规律与动因。研究发现，“拉满”的演变历经物理动作义→虚拟数值义→主观极量义三个阶段，其语法化过程伴随动词性弱化、构式化程度提升，最终成为现代汉语中能产性极高的主观极量表达形式，反映了汉语词汇语法化与网络语言发展的双重特征。探讨极量范畴(如“满”“爆”)在主观化过程中的语义演变及语用功能。通过分析“拉满”从物理空间量到主观评价的转化，揭示网络流行用语“拉满”如何通过隐喻扩展、语义虚化，发展为主观极量构式。

Abstract: This paper takes the internet catchphrase “XX laman” (e.g., “spiciness of hot pot laman”) as an example to examine its diachronic evolution from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese and from everyday language to internet slang. It analyzes the semantic bleaching, syntactic expansion, and pragmatic shifts during its grammaticalization process, highlighting the core roles of metaphor and subjectification. By integrating synchronic linguistic data, the study reveals the patterns and motivations behind the development of “laman” from a concrete verb-complement phrase into a subjective superlative marker. The findings show that “laman” has undergone three stages: physical action meaning → virtual numerical meaning → subjective superlative meaning. Its grammaticalization is accompanied by the weakening of verbal features and increasing constructionalization, ultimately becoming a highly productive subjective superlative expression in modern Chinese, reflecting the dual characteristics of lexical grammaticalization and internet language evolution. The paper also explores the semantic evolution and pragmatic functions of extreme quantity categories (e.g., “man,” “bao”) in the process of subjectification. By analyzing the shift of “laman” from physical spatial quantity to subjective evaluation, it reveals how this internet catchphrase develops into a subjective superlative construction through metaphorical extension and semantic bleaching.