心脏康复在心血管疾病二级预防中的研究进展与应用现状

Research Progress and Application Status of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

摘要: 心脏康复(Cardiac Rehabilitation, CR)通过运动、营养、心理等多方面干预，控制危险因素，提高患者生活质量和运动耐力，是心血管疾病二级预防的重要措施。可显著降低患者再住院率与死亡率，提高患者的生活质量。随着医疗水平的提高，心脏康复模式正从传统的、医院为中心的模式，逐渐向以家庭为基础、医院–家庭的模式以及数字化转型。目前，我国CR事业虽处于快速发展阶段，但存在认知不足、参与率低等问题，为此需进一步完善医院–社区–家庭三级联动体系，强化医保政策支持与基层能力建设，推动CR从治疗向全周期系统化管理延伸。本文系统阐述心脏康复的概念、作用机制、应用方案及效果评估，分析当前心脏康复的优缺点，以期为心血管疾病的康复提供参考。

Abstract: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is a crucial measure for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Through multi-faceted interventions such as exercise, nutrition, and psychology, it controls risk factors, enhances patients’ quality of life and exercise tolerance, and significantly reduces readmission and mortality rates. With the advancement of medical technology, the CR model is gradually transitioning from a traditional hospital-centered approach to a family-based, hospital-family model, as well as undergoing digital transformation. Currently, although the CR industry in China is in a rapid development stage, it faces issues such as insufficient awareness and low participation rates. To address these challenges, it is necessary to further improve the hospital-community-family three-tier linkage system, strengthen medical insurance policy support and grassroots capacity building, and promote the extension of CR from treatment to full-cycle systematic management. This article systematically elaborates on the concept, mechanism of action, application schemes, and effect evaluation of cardiac rehabilitation, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current cardiac rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for the rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases.