浙江遂昌杨梅坪村客家话古日疑母的今读

Modern Reflexes of the Ri and Yi Initials in the Yangmeiping Hakka Dialect, Suichang, Zhejiang

摘要: 位于浙江遂昌的杨梅坪村是明末清初闽西移民聚成的客家方言岛，四周为吴语处衢片所围。本文基于实地调查，系统描写该村客家话古日疑母字的今读类型。调查发现，该村日母字今读有[ȵ] [n] [ŋ] [v] [ɕ] [l] [Ø]七种类型，疑母字今读有[ŋ] [ȵ] [Ø] [x]四种类型，两者均可划分为白读层、文读层和接触层。其中，白读层以鼻音为主，文读层与接触层则反映出普通话以及吴语遂昌话的不同影响。部分日疑母字存在混读现象(如“日/月”“肉/玉”)，属于语音平行音变，并不撼动两母的系统对立。由于该村方言处于濒危临界，预计未来日疑母的读音将停滞于当前存古阶段，难以发生进一步演变。

Abstract: The Yangmeiping Village in Suichang, Zhejiang Province, is a Hakka dialect island formed by immigrants from western Fujian during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, surrounded by the Quzhou-Chuzhou subgroup of the Wu dialects. Based on field investigation, this paper systematically describes the current reading types of the Middle Chinese Initials Ri (日) and Yi (疑) in the Hakka dialect of this village. The investigation reveals that the Ri initial characters exhibit seven types of present-day readings: [ȵ], [n], [ŋ], [v], [ɕ], [l], and [Ø]; while the Yi initial characters display four types: [ŋ], [ȵ], [Ø], and [x]. Both sets can be divided into colloquial layer, literary layer, and contact layer. Among them, the colloquial layer is predominantly characterized by nasal initials, whereas the literary and contact layers reflect different influences from Mandarin and the Suichang Wu dialect. Some characters under the Ri and Yi initials exhibit mixed readings (e. g., ri (日)/yue (月), rou (肉)/yu (玉)), which are instances of parallel phonetic changes and do not undermine the systematic contrast between the two initial categories. As the dialect of this village is critically endangered, it is predicted that the readings of the Ri and Yi initials will stagnate at the current archaic stage, with little likelihood of further evolution.