汉语“不”“没”与韩语“안”“못”的对比研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese Negatives “不” and “没” and Korean Negatives “안” and “못”

摘要: 汉语与韩语分别属于孤立语与黏着语，在语言类型上存在显著差异，但两者均具有系统的否定表达形式。否定作为语言中的一种重要语法范畴，在句法结构与语用表达中发挥着关键作用。汉语中的“不”“没”与韩语中的“안”“못”是两种语言中最具代表性的否定标记。本研究基于对照语言学(Contrastive Linguistics)的视角，以汉语否定词“不”“没”与韩语否定词“안”“못”为研究对象，从时体特征、句法结构及语用功能三个层面对其进行多维度系统对比分析，探讨两种语言在否定表达上的共性与差异。旨在深化对汉韩否定系统的认识，并为汉韩二语习得及相关教学实践提供理论依据与参考。

Abstract: Chinese and Korean belong to different language typologies—isolating and agglutinative languages, respectively, and thus exhibit significant structural differences. Nevertheless, both languages possess systematic means of expressing negation. As an important grammatical category, negation plays a crucial role in both syntactic structure and semantic expression. The Chinese negators bu (不) and mei (没), as well as the Korean negators an (안) and mot (못), represent the most typical forms of negation in the two languages. From the perspective of contrastive linguistics, this study takes these negators as its primary objects of analysis and conducts a multidimensional comparative investigation across three aspects: aspectual features, syntactic structures, and pragmatic functions. The study aims to identify both similarities and differences in the negation systems of Chinese and Korean. By doing so, it seeks to deepen the understanding of negation in both languages and to provide theoretical support and practical implications for second language acquisition and related pedagogical practices.