认知语言学视角下的译者主体性

Translator Subjectivity from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective

摘要: 长期以来，翻译研究以译文和原文的对等关系为核心，译者常被视为忠实再现意义的“中介”，其主体地位在理论层面长期受到遮蔽。随着20世纪后期翻译研究范式的转向，译者逐渐从幕后走向前台，译者主体性问题成为翻译理论的重要议题。认知语言学以“语言是认知的一部分”为基本立场，强调意义建构过程中的主体经验、概念结构与认知机制，为重新理解译者在翻译活动中的能动作用提供了坚实的理论基础。本文立足认知语言学的语言观与语义观，结合概念整合理论，系统阐释译者主体性的认知根源，揭示译者在意义解构与译文建构过程中的认知操作机制，并进一步从语言范畴与非语言范畴两个层面探讨译者主体性在具体翻译实践中的体现。本文旨在说明，从认知语言学视角审视译者主体性，不仅符合当代翻译研究的发展方向，也深化了对翻译本质的理解。

Abstract: For a long time, translation studies have centered on the equivalence between the source text and the target text, with the translator often regarded as a “mediator” who faithfully reproduces meaning; as a result, translator subjectivity has been theoretically obscured. With the paradigm shift in translation studies since the late twentieth century, the translator has gradually moved from the background to the foreground, and translator subjectivity has become a key issue in translation theory. Grounded in the fundamental tenet that “language is an integral part of cognition”, and emphasizing the role of embodied experience, conceptual structure, and cognitive mechanisms in meaning construction, cognitive linguistics provides a solid theoretical foundation for reinterpreting the translator’s role in the translation process. Based on the linguistic and semantic views of cognitive linguistics, and drawing on Conceptual Blending Theory, this paper systematically elucidates the cognitive underpinnings of translator subjectivity, reveals the cognitive operational mechanisms involved in meaning deconstruction and target-text construction, and further explores the manifestations of translator subjectivity in concrete translation practice from both linguistic and non-linguistic dimensions. This study aims to demonstrate that examining translator subjectivity from a cognitive linguistic perspective not only aligns with contemporary developments in translation studies but also deepens our understanding of the nature of translation.