文化翻译观视角下《冬牧场》文化负载词英译研究

A Study of the English Translation of Culture-Loaded Words in Winter Pasture from the Perspective of Cultural Translation Theory

摘要: 《冬牧场》真实记录了新疆哈萨克族牧民的游牧生活，文化元素丰富，是研究少数民族文学作品外译的理想语料。本文以巴斯内特的文化翻译观为理论基础，以《冬牧场》英译本中的文化负载词为研究对象，从物质、语言、生态、社会、宗教五个维度考察译者的策略选择与文化传递效果。研究发现，译者以意译、释义和音译为主，整体译文流畅可读，较好地再现了原作的文化氛围；在归化倾向下，部分文化负载词的源语内涵有所损耗。本文认为，在少数民族文学外译过程中，应注重文化术语译法的规范化与一致性，以更有效地传递源语文化内涵，推动中国少数民族文学的对外传播。

Abstract: Winter Pasture offers an authentic portrayal of the nomadic life of the Kazakh herders in Xinjiang and is rich in ethnic cultural elements, making it an ideal text for the study of the translation of Chinese ethnic minority literature. Drawing on Susan Bassnett’s cultural translation theory, this paper examines culture-loaded words in the English translation of the novel and analyzes the translators’ strategies as well as their effectiveness in conveying cultural meanings across five dimensions: material, linguistic, ecological, social, and religious culture. The findings suggest that the translators mainly employ free translation, paraphrasing, and transliteration. Overall, the translation is fluent, successfully recreating much of the original cultural atmosphere. However, under a domestication-oriented approach, some source-cultural connotations are inevitably weakened. The study suggests that, in translating ethnic minority literature, greater attention should be paid to the standardization and consistency of cultural terminology in order to convey source-cultural meanings more effectively and enhance the global circulation of Chinese ethnic minority literature.