二创视频著作权合理使用的正外部性分析

Analysis of the Positive Externalities in the Fair Use of Derivative Videos under Copyright Law

摘要: 二创视频高度依赖于原作品，其合法性问题始终是著作权法关注的重点，而合理使用制度则构成判断其是否侵权的核心依据。文章聚焦于二创视频在促进原作传播、激发文化创新和推动教育普及等方面的正外部性，通过梳理外部性理论、著作权法基本原理及相关案例，发现现行合理使用标准虽已隐含对公共利益的考量，但缺乏系统识别正外部性、客观评估其价值并赋予合理权重的机制，导致司法实践中对此维度认识不足、适用不一。为回应这一不足，文章提出将正外部性纳入合理使用分析的评估框架，并结合规范分析、案例研究及域外比较，探讨其在我国的适用路径、挑战与启示。

Abstract: Derivative videos are highly dependent on pre-existing works, and their legality has consistently been a focal point in copyright disputes in the digital era, with the doctrine of fair use serving as the principal yardstick for assessing potential infringement. This article focuses on the positive externalities generated by derivative videos in promoting the dissemination of original works, stimulating cultural innovation, and advancing education. Drawing on externality theory, the economic foundations of copyright law, and a review of relevant cases, the article finds that, although the prevailing standards of fair use implicitly account for the public interest, they lack a systematic mechanism for identifying positive externalities, objectively assessing their value, and assigning them appropriate weight. This deficiency has led to insufficient recognition and inconsistent application of this dimension in judicial practice. In response to this deficiency, the article proposes incorporating positive externalities into the analytical framework for fair use assessment, and through normative analysis, case studies, and comparative examination of foreign jurisdictions, explores its applicable pathways, challenges, and implications in the Chinese context.