电商平台数字劳动的价值创造与分配机制研究——基于马克思劳动价值论的分析

A Study on the Value Creation and Distribution Mechanisms of Digital Labor on E-Commerce Platforms—An Analysis Based on Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

摘要: 随着数字经济的迅猛发展，电商平台已成为数字劳动的核心场域，数字劳动的价值创造与分配公平性问题日益凸显。基于马克思劳动价值论，本文以电商平台数字劳动为研究对象，分析其价值创造机制与价值分配结构。研究认为，数字劳动本质上仍属于活劳动，其价值创造遵循具体劳动与抽象劳动统一的基本规律，数据要素与数字技术仅作为劳动对象与劳动工具参与其中。在价值分配方面，平台资本凭借对数字生产资料与算法规则的控制，占据分配主导地位，导致劳动者回报偏低与分配结构失衡。基于此，本文从权益保障、平台规制、制度完善与协同治理等方面提出优化路径，以期为数字经济条件下价值分配机制优化提供理论参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the digital economy, e-commerce platforms have become the core arena for digital labor, and issues regarding the value creation and equitable distribution of digital labor have become increasingly prominent. Based on Marx’s labor theory of value, this paper examines digital labor on e-commerce platforms, analyzing its value creation mechanisms and value distribution structure. The study argues that digital labor essentially remains living labor, and its value creation follows the fundamental law of the unity of concrete and abstract labor, with data elements and digital technology participating only as objects and tools of labor. Regarding value distribution, platform capital dominates the distribution process through its control over digital means of production and algorithmic rules, resulting in low returns for workers and an imbalanced distribution structure. Based on this, this paper proposes optimization pathways in terms of rights protection, platform regulation, institutional improvement, and collaborative governance, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for optimizing value distribution mechanisms under the conditions of the digital economy.