避风港规则在电商平台的司法演进与适用

Judicial Evolution and Application of the Safe Harbor Rule in E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 在数字经济深刻改变社会消费模式的背景下，电商平台已成为日常消费的主要载体。现行法律虽为平台经营者设置了安全保障义务，且基于危险控制理论、报偿原理及制度演进视角，该义务具有保护消费者的正当性，但当前法律体系在具体适用中仍存在主体界定模糊、义务边界不清及责任认定困难等结构性缺陷。对此，应回归《电子商务法》第38条第2款的规定，以消费者权益保护为基点，通过体系解释与目的解释重构安全保障义务的解释论，以厘清平台责任边界，平衡平台经济发展与消费者权益保护。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the digital economy profoundly transforming social consumption patterns, e-commerce platforms have become primary vehicles for daily consumption. Although current laws impose a security obligation on platform operators, and this obligation possesses legitimacy in protecting consumers from the perspectives of risk control theory, the principle of consideration, and institutional evolution, the existing legal framework suffers from structural deficiencies in its specific application. These deficiencies include ambiguous subject definitions, unclear boundaries of duty, and difficulties in liability determination. Therefore, it is necessary to return to the provisions of Article 38(2) of the E-commerce Law of China. Based on the protection of consumer rights, the interpretative theory of the security obligation should be reconstructed through systematic and teleological interpretation, in order to clarify the boundaries of platform liability and balance the development of the platform economy with the protection of consumer rights and interests.