公共价值视域下上海市居家社区养老生活照料服务精准化研究——以松江区为例

Research on the Precision of Home-Based and Community-Based Elderly Care Life Support Services in Shanghai from the Perspective of Public Value—A Case Study of Songjiang District

摘要: 养老服务精准化是推动公共服务高质量发展、应对人口老龄化挑战的核心路径。上海作为深度老龄化的超大城市，探索其居家社区养老生活照料服务的精准化实现机制，对于构建中国特色养老服务体系具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。本文针对上海市深度老龄化的现实背景，聚焦居家社区养老生活照料服务的精准化议题。研究构建了整合“公共价值–精准治理–多元协同”的理论分析框架，并以松江区为例开展实地调查。研究发现，当前服务在供需匹配、资源利用效率与公平性方面存在挑战，具体表现为需求评估动态性不足、服务供给与个性化需求错位、资源配置城乡不均及专业护理人员短缺等问题。为实现更高水平的服务精准化，研究从体制机制、市场活力、数据治理、人才队伍与社会共识五个维度，提出了深化跨部门协同、激发多元主体活力、加强科技向善的数据治理、实施护理员振兴计划及推动老年友好共识等系统性对策建议。

Abstract: The precision of pension services is the core path to promoting the high-quality development of public services and cope with the challenges of population aging. As a super city with deep aging, Shanghai explores the precise realization mechanism of its home community care service for the aged, which has important theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of the old-age service system with Chinese characteristics. Based on the realistic background of deep aging in Shanghai, this paper focuses on the issue of precision of home-based community care services for the elderly. The research constructs a theoretical analysis framework that integrates “public value-precise governance-multiple synergy”, and takes Songjiang District as an example to carry out field investigation. The study found that the current service has challenges in supply and demand matching, resource utilization efficiency and fairness, which are manifested in the lack of dynamic demand assessment, the mismatch between service supply and personalized demand, the uneven allocation of resources between urban and rural areas, and the shortage of professional nursing staff. In order to achieve a higher level of service precision, from the five dimensions of institutional mechanism, market vitality, data governance, talent team and social consensus, this paper puts forward some systematic countermeasures and suggestions, such as deepening cross-departmental coordination, stimulating the vitality of multiple subjects, strengthening the data governance of science and technology, implementing the nursing staff revitalization plan and promoting the elderly friendly consensus.