从“候鸟”到“主角”：代际视角下贵州民族文化与银发经济的深度融合

From “Migratory Birds” to “Protagonists”: The Deep Integration of Guizhou’s Ethnic Culture and the Silver Economy from an Intergenerational Perspective

摘要: 在人口老龄化进程加速与居民消费结构持续升级的双重背景下，银发经济已成为推动内需扩张、促进产业转型的重要引擎。贵州凭借得天独厚的生态资源、丰富多彩的民族文化与日益完善的基础设施，正从传统的“观光目的地”向“旅居目的地”加速转型。本文基于代际研究视角，系统分析贵州银发旅游市场的规模特征、客群画像与典型案例，深入探讨民族文化与银发经济融合的内在逻辑与实践路径。研究发现，贵州通过将苗族银饰、侗族大歌、布依族八音坐唱、屯堡地戏等民族文化资源转化为适老化旅居产品，正在探索一条“民族文化 + 银发经济 + 乡村振兴”的融合发展新路径，为全国文旅产业应对老龄化社会提供了有益参考。然而，贵州银发经济发展仍面临政策转化效率不足、认知偏差普遍存在、要素支撑体系薄弱、产业价值链整合度低、养老服务供给结构性矛盾等多重挑战。对此，本文提出完善政策顶层设计、推动社会认知重塑、强化多元要素支撑、深化产业融合发展、优化养老服务供给、推进全场景适老化改造等对策建议，以期为民族地区文旅产业高质量发展提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of accelerating population aging and the continuous upgrading of household consumption structures, the silver economy has become an important engine driving domestic demand expansion and promoting industrial transformation. Leveraging its unique ecological resources, rich and diverse ethnic cultures, and increasingly well-developed infrastructure, Guizhou is accelerating its transformation from a traditional “sightseeing destination” to a “residential tourism destination”. From an intergenerational research perspective, this paper systematically analyzes the scale characteristics, customer profiles, and typical cases of Guizhou’s silver tourism market, and deeply explores the internal logic and practical pathways for integrating ethnic culture with the silver economy. The study finds that by transforming ethnic cultural resources—such as Miao silver ornaments, Dong grand songs, Bouyei “Bayin Zuochang” (eight-tone seated singing), and Tunpu earth opera—into age-friendly residential tourism products, Guizhou is exploring a new integrated development path of “ethnic culture + silver economy + rural revitalization”, providing a useful reference for the national cultural tourism industry in addressing an aging society. However, the development of Guizhou’s silver economy still faces multiple challenges, including insufficient efficiency in policy implementation, widespread cognitive biases, a weak factor support system, low integration of the industrial value chain, and structural contradictions in the supply of elderly care services. In response, this paper proposes countermeasures and recommendations such as improving top-level policy design, promoting social cognitive reshaping, strengthening support from diverse factors, deepening integrated industrial development, optimizing the supply of elderly care services, and advancing full-scenario age-friendly renovations, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the high-quality development of the cultural tourism industry in ethnic regions.