乡村数字化建设是否激励了黄河流域经济作物产出？

Does Rural Digitalization Development Stimulate Cash Crop Output in the Yellow River Basin?

摘要: 锚定农业现代化目标增进农民福祉，数字乡村战略对经济作物产出具有激励作用，是促进乡村发展的重要路径。基于2010~2022年黄河流域省级面板数据，从农村数字基础设施建设、农业生产数字化和农村生活数字化三个维度构建乡村数字化指标体系，采用双向固定效应模型和调节效应模型实证分析乡村数字化对经济作物产出的影响机制。研究结果表明：(1) 研究期限内黄河流域的乡村数字化水平呈稳步向好的发展态势，数字乡村建设区域总体差异明显，且存在逐步扩大的趋势；(2) 乡村数字化建设对经济作物产出具有显著的正向作用，优化经济作物种植结构并提高生产效益，在经过稳健性检验后，该结论依然成立；(3) 农村数字基础设施建设、农村生活数字化和农业生产数字化对经济作物产出均具有显著的正向作用，其影响效应依序抵减；(4) 数字乡村建设具有区域异质性，乡村数字化水平显著推动下游地区经济作物种植结构的优化，但限制了生产效益的发挥，对上游地区经济作物产出存在显著的正向作用；(5) 城镇化水平、财政支农力度能够加大乡村数字化建设对黄河流域经济作物产出的激励作用。应补齐乡村数字基础设施短板，把握数字技术和数据要素赋能智慧乡村转型，形成区域合作机制并推动数字产业多业态融合，为黄河流域经济作物的产出提质增效，加速实现乡村振兴和农业农村现代化。

Abstract: Anchoring the goal of agricultural modernization and improving farmers’ well-being, the digital rural strategy incentivizes cash crop output and serves as a vital approach to rural development. Based on the provincial panel data of the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2022, the rural digitalization index system was constructed from three dimensions: rural digital infrastructure construction, agricultural production digitalization and rural life digitalization. The individual and temporal bidirectional fixed effect model and regulatory effect model were used to empirically analyze the impact mechanism of rural digitalization on cash crop output. The research results indicate that: (1) During the study period, the rural digitization level in the Yellow River Basin showed a steady and good development trend, and the overall difference of the digital village construction region was obvious, and there was a trend of gradual expansion; (2) The digital construction of rural areas has a significant positive effect on the output of cash crops, optimizing the planting structure of cash crops and improving the production efficiency. This conclusion is still valid after the robustness test; (3) The construction of rural digital infrastructure, digitalization of rural life and digitalization of agricultural production all have significant positive effects on the output of cash crops, and their effects decrease in order; (4) Digital rural construction has regional heterogeneity. The digital level of rural areas significantly promotes the optimization of the planting structure of cash crops in downstream areas, but limits the play of production benefits, and has a significant positive effect on the output of cash crops in upstream areas; (5) The level of urbanization and financial support for agriculture can increase the incentive effect of rural digital construction on the output of cash crops in the Yellow River Basin. It is necessary to make up for the shortcomings of rural digital infrastructure, grasp digital technology and data elements to enable smart rural transformation, promote the integration of multiple formats of digital economy, strictly adhere to the bottom line of grain planting scale, improve the quality and efficiency of cash crop output in the Yellow River Basin, and accelerate the realization of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization.