体医融合背景下儿童青少年近视“家校社”协同防控

“Family-School-Community” Collaborative Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents under the Background of Sports-Medicine Integration

摘要: 近30年来，我国儿童青少年近视率持续攀升，已成为关系国家未来的重大公共卫生问题，国家层面多次发文强调体医融合和“家校社”协同是我国儿童青少年近视防控与治理的重要手段。研究以武汉市中小学为调查对象，综合运用文献资料法、实地调研法、问卷调查法、半结构式访谈法及扎根理论，对体医融合背景下儿童青少年近视“家校社”协同防控的实践现状进行系统考察。研究发现，当前防控实践中存在学校专业支撑不足、家庭科学指导缺失、社会资源对接低效等结构性问题。基于整体性治理理论与协同治理理论，研究构建了以学校、家庭、社会、医疗机构、体育组织为主体的“五位一体”协同防控模式，并从政府统筹协调、观念转变、资源整合、保障机制四个维度提出保障路径，以期为我国儿童青少年近视防控工作提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: In the past 30 years, the myopia rate of children and adolescents in China has continued to rise, which has become a major public health issue concerning the future of the country. The national authorities have issued relevant documents many times, emphasizing that sports-medicine integration and “family-school-community” collaboration are important approaches for the prevention, control, and governance of myopia among children and adolescents in China. Taking primary and secondary schools in Wuhan as the research objects, this study systematically investigates the practical status of family-school-community collaborative prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents under the background of sports-medicine integration by using the methods of literature review, field investigation, questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview, and grounded theory. The results show that there are structural problems in the current prevention and control practice, such as insufficient professional support in schools, a lack of scientific guidance in families, and inefficient connection of social resources. Based on the holistic governance theory and collaborative governance theory, this study constructs a “five-in-one” collaborative prevention and control model with schools, families, society, medical institutions and sports organizations as the main bodies, and puts forward safeguard paths from four dimensions: multi-sectoral coordination, concept renewal, resource integration and mechanism guarantee, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical reference for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in China.