大学生锻炼动机与自我价值感的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Exercise Motivation and Self-Worth among College Students

摘要: 目的：采用横断面研究探究不同性别和专业大学生锻炼动机、自我价值感的差异；分析大学生锻炼动机和自我价值感的关系。方法：采用《锻炼动机量表》和《青年学生自我价值感量表》测量大学生的锻炼动机和自我价值感。结果：锻炼动机总分在性别上不具备统计学差异(P > 0.05)，而自我价值感总分在性别上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；但在是否为体育专业上，自我价值感总分存在极显著差异(P < 0.01)；个人取向一般自我价值感、社会取向特殊自我价值感、个人取向特殊自我价值感和能力动机，在性别上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；自我价值感总分、总体自我价值感、社会取向一般自我价值感、个人取向一般自我价值感、社会取向特殊自我价值感、个人取向特殊自我价值感和能力动机，在是否为体育专业上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；锻炼动机总分和各维度与自我价值感总分各维度具有显著性相关(P < 0.05)；社交动机对自我价值感各维度均具有显著正向预测作用，能力动机对总体自我价值感、个人取向一般自我价值感及社会取向特殊自我价值感具有正向预测作用(P < 0.01)。结论：不同性别和是否为体育专业大学生在自我价值感和锻炼动机部分维度上均有差异；大学生的锻炼动机和自我价值感之间存在显著关联。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the differences in exercise motivation and self-worth among college students of different genders and majors using a cross-sectional study, and to analyze the relationship between exercise motivation and self-worth among college students. Methods: The Exercise Motivation Scale and the Self-Worth Scale for Young Students were used to measure the exercise motivation and self-worth of college students. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in total exercise motivation scores between genders (P > 0.05), while there was a significant difference in total self-worth scores between genders (P < 0.05); however, the total score of self-worth showed an extremely significant difference between sports majors and non-sports majors (P < 0.01). Personal-oriented general self-worth, social-oriented special self-worth, personal-oriented special self-worth, and competence motivation showed significant differences by gender (P < 0.05). The total score of self-worth, general self-worth, social-oriented general self-worth, personal-oriented general self-worth, social-oriented special self-worth, personal-oriented special self-worth, and competence motivation showed significant differences between sports majors and non-sports majors (P < 0.05). The total score and all dimensions of exercise motivation were significantly correlated with the total score and all dimensions of self-worth (P < 0.05). Social motivation had a significant positive predictive effect on all dimensions of self-worth, and competence motivation had a positive predictive effect on general self-worth, personal-oriented general self-worth, and social-oriented special self-worth (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Differences exist between genders and among university students majoring in physical education in several dimensions of self-worth and exercise motivation; a significant correlation exists between exercise motivation and self-worth among university students.