江苏文蛤养殖业的现状、挑战与可持续发展路径研究

Current Status, Challenges, and Sustainable Development Pathways of the Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) Aquaculture Industry in Jiangsu Province

摘要: 文蛤是江苏省海水养殖的支柱性贝类产业，在全省海洋经济发展中占据重要地位。本文系统梳理了江苏省文蛤产业的发展历程，从早期的自然捕捞阶段演变至当前集规模化养殖、加工、品牌营销与文旅融合于一体的产业化格局。文章详细分析了文蛤的苗种资源、养殖模式、采收与加工技术、销售渠道、品牌建设及政策支持等环节的现状，并指出产业当前面临的苗种资源衰退、养殖模式传统、加工技术初级及劳动力成本上升等核心挑战。最后，本文提出通过完善科技创新体系、延伸产业价值链等路径，推动江苏文蛤产业向标准化、智能化、高值化方向转型升级，为实现可持续发展提供理论参考。

Abstract: The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is a cornerstone bivalve species in Jiangsu Province’s marine aquaculture industry, playing a significant role in the development of the province’s marine economy. This paper systematically reviews the development trajectory of Jiangsu’s hard clam industry, tracing its evolution from early-stage natural harvesting to an integrated industrial framework encompassing large-scale aquaculture, processing, brand marketing, and the integration of culture and tourism. The study provides a detailed analysis of the current status of key links in the industrial chain, including seed resources, aquaculture models, harvesting and processing technologies, sales channels, brand development, and policy support. It identifies major challenges confronting the industry, such as the decline of seed resources, reliance on traditional aquaculture methods, primary-level processing technologies, and rising labor costs. Finally, this paper proposes pathways for transformation and upgrading toward standardization, intelligent production, and high-value utilization by improving the technological innovation system and extending the industrial value chain, thereby offering theoretical references for achieving sustainable development of the hard clam industry in Jiangsu Province.