自然何以被无偿占有？——摩尔“价值与非价值”理论评析

How Can Nature Be Occupied without Compensation?—An Analysis of Moore’s Theory of “Value and Non-Value”

摘要: 在全球生态危机与资本主义积累逻辑深度交织的时代境遇下，杰森·摩尔以“价值与非价值”辩证关系为核心分析框架，突破传统生态批判的理论局限，为马克思主义生态学的当代拓展提供了重要理论支撑。本文立足马克思劳动价值论为根本遵循，系统阐释摩尔将“价值”界定为资本化有偿劳动、“非价值”界定为被资本无偿占有的自然与人类劳动这一核心创见，深入剖析二者之间依存、对立与动态平衡的辩证运动，揭示资本主义生态危机的根源在于价值无限扩张与非价值有限供给之间的制度性矛盾。在此基础上，本文从价值论框架完善、批判范式重构与方法论革新三个维度，剖析这一理论对马克思主义生态学的发展贡献，指明其为全球生态危机批判提供了资本积累内在逻辑为着力点的分析工具。

Abstract: In a contemporary conjuncture where the global ecological crisis is deeply intertwined with the logic of capitalist accumulation, Jason W. Moore takes the dialectical relationship between “value” and “non-value” as his core analytical framework, transcending the theoretical limits of traditional ecological critique and providing crucial theoretical support for the contemporary expansion of Marxist ecology. Taking Marx’s labor theory of value as its fundamental guide, this paper systematically expounds Moore’s pivotal insight that “value” is defined as capitalized paid labor, while “non-value” refers to the nature and human labor appropriated by capital without compensation. It further analyzes in depth the dialectical movement of interdependence, antagonism and dynamic equilibrium between the two, revealing that the root of the capitalist ecological crisis lies in the systemic contradiction between the infinite expansion of value and the finite supply of non-value. On this basis, the paper examines the contribution of this theory to the development of Marxist ecology from three dimensions—the refinement of the value-theoretical framework, the reconstruction of the critical paradigm, and methodological innovation—and demonstrates that it provides an analytical tool for the critique of the global ecological crisis which takes the inner logic of capital accumulation as its point of leverage.