针灸结合开膝运动在交叉韧带重建术后康复中的回顾性研究

Retrospective Study of Acupuncture Combined with Knee-Opening Exercise in Postoperative Rehabilitation after Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

摘要: 目的：探讨针灸结合开膝运动在交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用效果，为临床术后康复方案的优化提供循证依据。方法：回顾性分析2024年1月至2025年12月新疆医科大学第六附属医院康复医学科收治的140例交叉韧带重建术后患者的临床资料，根据术后康复方案分为观察组(70例)和对照组(70例)。对照组采用常规康复治疗，观察组在常规康复的基础上采用针灸结合开膝运动治疗，两组均持续干预12周。比较两组患者干预前、干预6周、干预12周的膝关节主动活动度(AROM)、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)主观评分，同时记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况，并对所有患者的一般资料进行统计分析。结果：140例患者均完成随访，无脱落病例。两组患者一般资料(性别、年龄、病程、损伤类型、手术方式、术后病程等)比较，差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，具有可比性。干预前，两组患者膝关节AROM、VAS评分、Lysholm评分、IKDC主观评分比较，差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。干预6周、12周后，两组患者膝关节AROM均较干预前显著增加，VAS评分均较干预前显著降低，Lysholm评分、IKDC主观评分均较干预前显著升高，且观察组上述指标改善幅度均显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率(4.29%)显著低于对照组(15.71%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：针灸结合开膝运动可有效改善交叉韧带重建术后患者的膝关节活动度，减轻疼痛，促进膝关节功能恢复，降低并发症发生率，临床应用价值显著，值得推广。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application effect of acupuncture combined with knee-opening exercise in postoperative rehabilitation after cruciate ligament reconstruction, and to provide evidence-based basis for the optimization of clinical postoperative rehabilitation programs. Methods: Clinical data of 140 patients who underwent cruciate ligament reconstruction and were admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2024 to December 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative rehabilitation program, the patients were divided into the observation group (70 cases) and the control group (70 cases). The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received acupuncture combined with knee-opening exercise on the basis of conventional rehabilitation, and both groups received continuous intervention for 12 weeks. The knee active range of motion (AROM), visual analog scale (VAS) score, Lysholm knee function score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score of the two groups were compared before intervention, at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention. Meanwhile, the incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was recorded, and the general data of all patients were statistically analyzed. Results: All 140 patients completed the follow-up without loss to follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in general data (gender, age, course of disease, type of injury, surgical method, postoperative course of disease, etc.) between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating comparability. Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in knee AROM, VAS score, Lysholm score, and IKDC subjective score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 6 weeks and 12 weeks of intervention, the knee AROM of both groups was significantly increased compared with that before intervention, the VAS score was significantly decreased compared with that before intervention, and the Lysholm score and IKDC subjective score were significantly increased compared with those before intervention. Moreover, the improvement range of the above indicators in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group (4.29%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (15.71%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with knee-opening exercise can effectively improve the knee range of motion, relieve pain, promote the recovery of knee function, and reduce the incidence of complications in patients after cruciate ligament reconstruction. It has significant clinical application value and is worthy of promotion.