电商经济数字化转型：数字货币在跨境电商B2C零售支付中的应用与监管

Digital Transformation of E-Commerce Economy: Application and Regulation of Digital Currency in Cross-Border E-Commerce B2C Retail Payments

摘要: 随着区块链技术的发展，数字货币(含私人数字货币与法定数字货币)交易规模持续扩大，其在跨境电商B2C零售支付场景的应用日益广泛，对推动电商经济数字化转型具有重要意义。然而，两类数字货币的属性差异，使其在跨境B2C零售支付中暴露出汇率波动、消费者争端解决机制缺失、对我国资本账户管制构成挑战等专属问题，现有经济法规范对该细分场景的适配性不足。本文聚焦跨境电商B2C零售支付场景，厘清法定与私人数字货币的法律属性差异，剖析其应用中的具体法律与监管难题，从分类监管、分层立法、监管科技化、协同机制等维度提出针对性对策，为数字货币在该场景的规范应用提供经济法支撑。

Abstract: With the development of blockchain technology, the transaction scale of digital currencies (including private digital currencies and central bank digital currencies) continues to expand, and their application in cross-border e-commerce B2C retail payment scenarios has become increasingly widespread, playing a significant role in promoting the digital transformation of the e-commerce economy. However, the attribute differences between the two types of digital currencies expose exclusive problems such as exchange rate fluctuations, lack of consumer dispute resolution mechanisms, and challenges to China’s capital account control in cross-border B2C retail payments, and the existing economic law norms have insufficient adaptability to this segmented scenario. Focusing on the cross-border e-commerce B2C retail payment scenario, this paper clarifies the differences in the legal attributes of central bank digital currencies and private digital currencies, analyzes the specific legal and regulatory problems in their application, and puts forward targeted countermeasures from the dimensions of categorical regulation, hierarchical legislation, regulatory technology, and collaborative mechanisms, so as to provide economic law support for the standardized application of digital currencies in this scenario.