基于脉冲控制的残烟烟丝分离方法

Pulse Control-Based Separation Method for Residual Tobacco

摘要: 针对卷烟工厂卷包车间残次烟支回收处理过程中烟丝与烟管分离困难、人工分拣工作量大的实际生产痛点，文章设计研发了一款基于鼓轮输送与气动力吹扫的残次烟支自动化分选分离装置。该装置依托双鼓轮同步输送系统完成残次烟支连续上料与工位转运，结合色差传感器实现烟支正反姿态精准在线识别，通过编码器脉冲四倍频细分控制技术构建高精度工位时序控制基准，搭配位移寄存器完成不同姿态残次烟支的实时追踪与同步定位；针对压缩空气管路传输存在气流延迟、电磁阀通断时序精度直接影响烟丝分离成功率的核心问题，通过多工况试验标定与线性回归拟合，建立电磁阀相位提前量与设备处理速度的动态关联函数，实现电磁阀导通时序自适应动态补偿，有效消除气流传输滞后带来的吹净效果不佳问题。实际工况测试结果表明，各类工况烟丝平均吹净率均稳定保持在91%以上。

Abstract: To address the practical production bottlenecks in the recycling and disposal of defective cigarettes in cigarette-making and packaging workshops, including the difficulty in separating tobacco from cigarette tubes and intensive manual sorting workload, an automatic sorting and separation device for defective cigarettes has been developed based on drum conveying and pneumatic blowing principles. The device adopts a dual-drum synchronous conveying system to achieve continuous feeding and station transfer of defective cigarettes. A color difference sensor is applied to realize accurate online recognition of the forward and reverse postures of cigarettes. By utilizing quadruple frequency subdivision control technology for encoder pulses, a high-precision timing reference for station control is established, and shift registers are employed to fulfill real-time tracking and synchronous positioning of defective cigarettes in different postures. Given the airflow delay in compressed air pipeline delivery and the fact that the switching timing accuracy of solenoid valves directly determines the separation efficiency of tobacco shreds, multi-condition calibration tests and linear regression fitting are conducted to construct a dynamic correlation function between the phase advance of solenoid valves and the operating speed of the equipment. Adaptive dynamic compensation for the turn-on timing of solenoid valves is thereby realized, which effectively eliminates the inferior blowing performance caused by airflow transmission lag. Practical industrial tests demonstrate that the average tobacco shred cleaning rate remains steadily above 91% under all operating conditions.