从“动静”问题论中医情志养生思想

On the Theory of TCM Emotional Nourishment from the Perspective of “Movement and Stillness”

摘要: 本文以中国哲学中的“动静”问题为线索，延伸探讨中医情志养生的理论基础与实践指向。自先秦至宋明的本体论传统普遍指出本体无形而下意义上的动静或善恶，而本体对现实的控制力及人能否完全回溯本体的问题仍难以解决。宋明理学家在应对“天理”至善性与“气质”现实性时发展出两种工夫论路径：一者强调静中涵养、复归本体；另一者主张事上磨炼、动中求静，以阴阳辩证关系为动因，这对“本体无动静说”构成挑战。在情志养生领域，单纯追求本体静态的养生观不足以完全应对实践需求，还应积极发挥心神的主宰调节作用，实现情感发用的中和与气机流转的通达，在充分肯定静止作用中实现生命创生运动的展开。

Abstract: Using the philosophical concept of “movement and stillness” as a thread, this paper explores the theoretical foundations and practical orientations of emotional nourishment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The ontological tradition from the Pre-Qin to the Song-Ming periods generally posits that the noumenon transcends the movement, stillness, good, or evil of the physical world. However, the question of the noumenon’s control over reality and whether humans can fully return to it remains unresolved. In addressing the tension between the inherent goodness of “Heavenly Principle” (Tianli) and the material reality of “vital force” (Qizhi), Song-Ming Neo-Confucians developed two paths of self-cultivation: one emphasizing inner cultivation in stillness to return to the noumenon, and the other advocating “refinement through affairs” (shishang molian)—seeking stillness amidst movement. Driven by the dialectical relationship of Yin and Yang, these paths challenge the notion of a “motionless noumenon”. In the realm of emotional nourishment, a health regimen focused solely on returning to a static noumenonis insufficient for practical needs. It is essential to actively leverage the regulatory and governing function of the Heart-Mind (Shen), achieving a harmonious expression of emotions and the unobstructed flow of Qi. Thus, the unfolding of life’s creative movement is realized through a full affirmation of the role of stillness.