罗丹明类荧光探针在疾病诊断中的应用进展
Recent Advances in Rhodamine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis
摘要: 在荧光染料中，罗丹明凭借卓越的荧光量子产率、良好的光学稳定性及可精细调节的光谱性质，受到了研究者的广泛青睐，并在疾病精确诊疗领域作为分子示踪剂显示了巨大的潜力。研究者们通过对罗丹明骨架的化学修饰、识别基团的设计以及与其他模态成像技术的结合，在阿尔茨海默病(AD)标志物、氧化应激产物、恶性肿瘤特异性蛋白及与生理病理相关的金属离子检测方面取得了显著成果，大幅度提升了检测的灵敏度与生物样本中的信噪比。本文从罗丹明探针的结构演化与合成逻辑入手，系统性地综述了与罗丹明有关的荧光探针在神经退行性疾病、代谢紊乱及炎症等重大疾患中的诊断应用现状及所存在的瓶颈和问题，以期为新一代罗丹明类荧光探针的研发提供参考。
Abstract: Rhodamine dyes have garnered widespread attention among researchers owing to their exceptional fluorescence quantum yield, robust photostability, and precisely tunable spectral properties. Consequently, they exhibit immense potential as molecular tracers in the field of precision disease theranostics. Through chemical modification of the rhodamine scaffold, rational design of recognition moieties, and integration with other imaging modalities, substantial breakthroughs have been achieved in detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, oxidative stress products, tumor-specific proteins, and pathologically relevant metal ions. These strategies have drastically enhanced detection sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio in biological samples. Beginning with the structural evolution and synthetic logic of rhodamine probes, this review systematically outlines their current diagnostic applications in major diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the existing bottlenecks and technical challenges, aiming to provide a reference for the development of next-generation rhodamine-based fluorescent probes.
文章引用：孙欣雨, 发如再·麦合木提, 叶晓晓, 张杰. 罗丹明类荧光探针在疾病诊断中的应用进展[J]. 生物过程, 2026, 16(2): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.12677/bp.2026.162010

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