执行功能的发展轨迹及其相关研究
The Developmental Trajectory of Executive Functions and Its Related Research
DOI: 10.12677/ass.2026.156482, PDF,   
作者: 唐亚铃, 彭文波：重庆师范大学教育科学学院，重庆
关键词: 执行功能；发展规律；干预手段；Executive Functions； Developmental Rules； Intervention Methods
摘要: 本文运用文献综述法，系统梳理了执行功能领域的相关研究成果。研究首先明确执行功能的核心概念及内部结构，并对执行功能的单一成分与多成分理论假说进行对比分析；其次，系统梳理并剖析执行功能在学前儿童期(3~6岁)、学龄儿童期(6~12岁)以及青春期(10~22岁)各阶段的发展特征与演变规律，揭示不同阶段各成分的发展速率差异；同时探讨执行功能的关联机制；最后，本文综述了执行功能的各类干预手段及其效果，发现执行功能具有终身可塑性，但这种可塑性会随年龄增长而逐渐下降。
Abstract: This study adopts the literature review method to systematically summarize research findings in the field of executive functions. First, it clarifies the core concept and internal structure of executive functions, and compares the single-component and multi-component theoretical hypotheses. Second, it systematically reviews and analyzes the developmental characteristics and evolutionary patterns of executive functions in preschool children (3~6 years old), school-age children (6~12 years old), and adolescence (10~22 years old), revealing differences in the developmental rate of each subcomponent across stages. It also explores the correlated mechanisms of executive functions. Finally, this paper reviews various intervention methods and their effects, and concludes that executive functions possess lifelong plasticity, which gradually declines with age.
文章引用：唐亚铃, 彭文波. 执行功能的发展轨迹及其相关研究[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2026, 15(6): 330-337. https://doi.org/10.12677/ass.2026.156482

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