“时间银行”互助养老模式下低龄老年人参与意愿的影响因素与提升路径

The Influencing Factors and Promotion Paths of the Participation Willingness of the Young Elderly under the “Time Bank” Mutual Pension Model

摘要: 面对人口老龄化背景下养老资源的配置缺口，互助养老模式作为“银发红利”开发的重要路径，近年来成为学术界关注的焦点。以社会交换理论为视角，通过对国内外“时间银行”相关文献的系统梳理，归纳了该模式在理念溯源、本土化演进以及低龄老年人参与意愿影响因素等方面的研究进展。综述发现，现有研究已从宏观政策导向的定性描述，逐渐转向对参与者微观行为驱动机制的实证探索，并普遍关注到低龄老年群体中存在的“高意愿与低参与”这一核心悖论。通过对个体特征、组织运行及社会环境等维度的影响因素进行整合分析，本文指出当前研究在积分安全性的法治保障、跨区域通存通兑的技术标准以及个体决策的深层动力诱因等方面仍存在进一步探讨的空间。最后，本文对未来互助养老研究的趋势进行了展望，旨在为完善我国“时间银行”制度设计、激活低龄老年人力资源提供理论支撑与经验借鉴。

Abstract: In the face of the gap in the allocation of pension resources under the background of population aging, the mutual pension model, as an important path for the development of “silver dividend”, has become the focus of academic attention in recent years. From the perspective of social exchange theory, this paper summarizes the research progress of the model in the aspects of concept traceability, localization evolution and the influencing factors of the participation willingness of the young elderly by systematically combing the relevant literature of “time bank” at home and abroad. It is found that the existing research has gradually shifted from the qualitative description of macro-policy orientation to the empirical exploration of the driving mechanism of participants’ micro-behavior, and generally pays attention to the core paradox of “high willingness and low participation” in the younger elderly group. Through the integrated analysis of the influencing factors of individual characteristics, organizational operation and social environment, this paper points out that there is still room for further discussion on the legal guarantee of integral security, the technical standards of cross-regional deposit and exchange, and the deep motivation of individual decision-making. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future trend of mutual pension research, aiming to provide theoretical support and experience for improving the design of China’s “time bank” system and activating the human resources of the young elderly.