社会工作介入退休老年群体人际关系调适研究

A Study on Interpersonal Relationship Adjustment of Retired Elderly People by Social Work Intervention

摘要: 随着人口老龄化加剧，退休老年群体因社会身份剥离与交际关系重组，普遍面临非正式支持网络弱化及正式支持网络缺位导致的人际关系困境。本研究基于社会支持网络理论，采用社会工作方法，系统探讨改善退休老年群体人际关系的有效介入路径。研究发现，同事关系断裂、家庭情感支持缺乏、邻里交往下降，以及政策重经济轻服务、社区参与平台匮乏等是造成该群体人际关系问题的主要原因。对此，社会工作可通过个案工作聚焦家庭网络以修复情感支持功能，借助小组工作重建朋辈网络以拓展非正式支持资源，依托社区整合正式资源以建立多元协同支持体系。社会工作的系统性介入在调适退休老年群体人际关系方面具有一定成效，但仍需在实践中不断改进。

Abstract: With the aggravation of population aging, the retired elderly are generally faced with the dilemma of interpersonal relationship caused by the weakening of informal support network and the absence of formal support network due to the separation of social identity and the reorganization of communication relationship. Based on the theory of social support network, this study uses social work methods to systematically explore the effective intervention path to improve the interpersonal relationship of retired elderly groups. The study found that the main reasons for the interpersonal problems of this group are the fracture of colleague relationship, the lack of family emotional support, the decline of neighborhood communication, the policy of emphasizing economy over service, and the lack of community participation platform. In this regard, social work can focus on family networks through case work to repair emotional support functions, rebuild peer networks through group work to expand informal support resources, and rely on communities to integrate formal resources to establish a multi-collaborative support system. The systematic intervention of social work has a certain effect in adjusting the interpersonal relationship of the retired elderly, but it still needs to be improved in practice.