数字化时代居家养老服务补贴制度的地方实践——基于杭州市“重阳分”电子津贴制度的研究

Digital Era Home-Based Elderly Care Service Subsidy System: Local Practices—A Case Study of the “Chongyang Points” Electronic Allowance System in Hangzhou

摘要: 在人口老龄化加剧与数字化改革深化的双重背景下，杭州市于2020年率先推行养老服务电子津贴制度，以“重阳分”为载体精准发放补贴，兼具保障民生与激活市场的双重功能。本研究基于实地调研，系统梳理该制度的运行成效，提炼出三级财政分担、二元分类补贴、政策工具衔接、“多评合一”协调四项创新机制，同时揭示服务工单管理不规范、服务人员资质不达标、基层监管落地难、老年人认知偏差等现实困境，并从市场化程度、价格机制、准入制度、政策宣传等维度剖析其成因。在此基础上，从标准化管理、准入制度优化、价格机制完善、补贴方式改进、人才培养、政策宣传六个方面提出优化路径，以期为完善养老服务电子津贴制度、推动养老服务体系高质量发展提供参考。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of intensifying population aging and deepening digital reform, Hangzhou took the lead in implementing an electronic allowance system for elderly care services in 2020. Taking “Chongyang Points” as the carrier to accurately distribute subsidies, the system serves the dual functions of safeguarding people’s livelihood and activating the market. Based on field research, this study systematically sorts out the operational effectiveness of the system, extracts four innovative experiences including three-level fiscal sharing, binary classified subsidies, policy tool linkage, and coordinated “multi-assessment integration”. Meanwhile, it reveals practical dilemmas such as irregular service work order management, unqualified service personnel, difficulties in the implementation of grassroots supervision, and cognitive bias among the elderly, and analyzes the causes from dimensions including marketization degree, price mechanism, access system, and policy publicity. On this basis, this study proposes optimization paths from six aspects including standardized management, access system optimization, price mechanism improvement, subsidy method adjustment, talent cultivation, and policy publicity, aiming to provide references for improving the elderly care service electronic allowance system and promoting the high-quality development of the elderly care service system.